Chapter11: Health Of Aquatic Animals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 16SA
Related questions
Question
Why do two forms of sleeping sickness exist? How do they
differ?
Expert Solution
Step 1 Introduction
Sleeping sickness is a disease also known as human African trypanosomiasis caused by parasitic protozoa. This parasite is a member of the Trypanosoma genus of protozoa. Humans and animals are a reservoir for this protozoa and are spread from infected individuals to healthy ones via the tsetse fly bite. Ths disease includes symptoms like mood change, anxiety, fever, insomnia at night and sleepiness during the day time, headache, etc.
Step 2 Explanation
Sleeping sickness has two forms that depend upon the type of parasite involved in infection. The two parasites are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
- The infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense accounts for 98 % of the total cases of sleeping sickness. This form of sleeping sickness is chronic. The major symptoms or signs may arise after several months or years of infection. When the major symptoms arise patients are often in advanced disease stage. The central nervous system is affected when the disease reaches its advanced stage. This form is reported in 24 countries of west and central Africa.
- The infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense accounts for only 2% of the total sleeping sickness cases. This form of the disease is acute. The signs and symptoms are presented within a few weeks or months of infection. This form of sleeping sickness develops rapidly and affects the central nervous system. this form is found in 14 countries of eastern and southern Africa.
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