Why is Clostridium difficile a good target pathogen for a vaccine? (In details, please) thanks!

Q: All of the following must be cultivated in cell cultures insteadof cell-free media excepta)…

A: The cells can be isolated, maintained and grown in vitro in culture media. It contains a mixture of…

Q: Some viral detection techniques involve a serological assay. This assay looks for the presence of…

A: The viruses are infectious agents, which are capable of infecting the cells and cause diseases. The…

Q: There is interest in producing vaccines in foods. What would be the advantages of having a vaccine…

A: Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that genetically altered vector is introduced and…

Q: Which of the following is not an exotoxin? O LPS O A-B toxin O Leukocidins O Superantigens

A: Hello you have asked multiple questions. We can answer only the first one for rest please repost…

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCS surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: Considering the current situation of the procurement of COVID-19 vaccine, is it safe to be…

A: The process involving the acquirement of products (domestically or internationally) of assured…

Q: Considering that Staphylococcus epidermidis does not typically cause disease in a healthy person,…

A: Plasmids are small, self-replicating, extrachromosomal, circular double stranded DNA molecules…

Q: Describe the key process involved in vaccine manufacturing

A:

Q: Why must the top agar be supplemented with maltose? A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to…

A: Plate cultures of bacteriophage are prepared by combining phage with susceptible host cells in top…

Q: Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds…

A: Meningitis is disease that causes inflammation of meninges. The meninges are the membrane that…

Q: Who deserves Covid-19 Vaccine more?The Senior Citizens or the Teenagers?WHY?

A: COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a…

Q: What cultural factors may be inhibiting thedevelopment of a vaccine?

A: Vaccines are immunization that helps to prevent life-threatening diseases. It helps people to live…

Q: Why doesn’t penicillin act against any eukaryotic pathogens

A: There are broadly  two type of cell based on the structure and function: prokaryotic cells( form…

Q: What is the purpose of a vaccine

A: The process of vaccination was first devised by Edward Jenner. The concept of vaccination striked…

Q: Explain why vaccine doesn't contain a live virus strain and is it rushed and isn't safe to do the…

A: There is a separate unit in WHO for the development of vaccines. Vaccines are biological…

Q: Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce that can cause toxic shock. Multiple Choice…

A: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive microorganism which causes the Disease: pneumonia Signs and…

Q: The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and…

A: The protozoan parasitic species present in the genus Trypanosoma causes Human African…

Q: Why is it important to use the HTAC recommendation framework with the FDA directive towards the…

A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease. The majority of…

Q: * The effect of a vaccine is an example of

A: Vaccines contain inactivated toxin or killed toxin or antigenic proteins. Vaccines provides…

Q: Describe two advantages of an inactivated vaccine over an attenuated one.

A: There are numerous pathogens that are present in the environment that can potentially harm the body…

Q: It is bactericidal by inhibiting protein synthesis, it does not used systemically because of high…

A: In Systemic administration a medication is administered directly into the circulatory system to get…

Q: 'Define each type and give 1-2 vaccine per type A. Live Attenuated Vaccines 'B. Inactivated Vaccine…

A: Given: Vaccines play an important role in keeping us healthy.They protect us from serious and…

Q: Why should we give the COVID vaccine to Youth than Senior Citizens?

A: COVID-19 is a disease that is spread by SARS COVID- 19. It is spread by droplet infection and from…

Q: How would you safely develop a vaccine for Epidemic Typhus? In other words, how would you safely…

A: A vaccine is produced to offer active acquired immunity against specific pathogenic infections.…

Q: he whooping cough vaaccine and the MMR vaccine are what type of vaccines? a. conjugated b. natural…

A: Answer An individual may be exposed to an antigen to induce the formation of antibodies, a type of…

Q: a) Lytic cycle b) Latent cycle c) Oncogenic cycle

A: Viral reproduction: Viral replication or reproduction does not occur by their own. It depends on…

Q: What is the purpose of combining capsule polysaccharide molecules with toxoid proteins in a…

A: A conjugate vaccine is a substance that is composed of a polysaccharide antigen fused (conjugated)…

Q: Which of the following is true? a. conjugated vaccines are always those in which there is more than…

A: A conjugate vaccine is defined as a type of vaccine subunit that is made by the combination of the…

Q: A patient has bloody diarrehea and takes left  over penicllin in a medicne cabinet. The culprit…

A: Bloody diarrhea in this patient is a result of the the hemorrhagic E. coli infection. The strain has…

Q: Many vaccines are heat sensitive due to their high concentration of proteins. Which of the following…

A: A heat sensitive vaccine is one which if exposed to temprature above certain specific values will be…

Q: what is the diffrent between vaccine passport and vaccine certificate?

A: The recent occurrence of pandemic allowed the development of new means to save a person from the…

Q: Which of the following is may cause more LPS to be released into the bloodstream when used for…

A: Microorganisms vary in their growth requirements in terms of temperature, pH, and need for certain…

Q: Bacterial resistant is big problems, How to avoid such a problem?

A: Bacterial resistance means a bacteria is resistant to be killed from antibiotics or bactericidal or…

Q: Novobiocin susceptibility: Zone of inhibition or no zone of inhibition present: ______________…

A: Novobiocin : It is an aminocoumarin antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces nivens. It…

Q: A 42 year old man developed a “flu-like” syndrome with fever, sore throat, headache, and myalgia.…

A: Introduction: Age, status of immune system, and inherent medical circumstances affect the sign and…

Q: What is the advantage of a DNA vaccine over all the other types of vaccine ?

A: DNA vaccination has shown significant promise since its start. In terms of effectiveness, safety,…

Q: Why are agglutination tests so widely used in clinicaldiagnostics? How are fluorescent antibodies…

A: Various clinically useful immunological reactions are used in microbiology and research. These…

Q: why doesn’t penicillin act against any eukaryotic pathogens.

A: Based on structure and function, there are two types of cells: Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic…

Q: Describe the key process in vaccine manufacturing

A: Vaccine is the biological preparation of infectious particles in inactivated or dead form. There are…

Q: DNA vaccines contain _______ DNA that stimulates cells to makeantigens.a. human, RNA b. microbial,…

A: DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information in the form of coded nucleotide…

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCs surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The virus that attacks the body's immune system is known as human immunodeficiency virus. The Human…

Q: Write about Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (Covishield) You must include the following…

A: The current COVID-19 pandemic has urged the scientific community internationally to find answers in…

Q: discuss the Kauffman-White antigenic scheme classification for Salmonella identification

A: The Kauffmann–White classification is a system that categorizes the Salmonella genus into serotypes…

Q: What is the definition of the term Resistant?  How do you detect that your microorganism is…

A: Resistant- ability of bacteria to endure the effects of a damaging chemical substance is known as…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.