Why is hyperpolarization important

Q: In cardiac autorhythmic pacemaker cells, how does parasympathetic stimulation make it more…

A: The heart shows autorhythmicity which means that the heart itself can initiate the heartbeat.…

Q: What is dual innervation?

A: Dual innervation refers to the innervation of a target organ by both divisions of the ANS. Usually,…

Q: What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

A: Neurons is also known as nerve cell and it is considered as the fundamental units of the brain and…

Q: How are the parallel fibers arranged relative to one another and to the Purkinje cells?

A: Brain is the master of the body. It is nearly three pounds in weight. It regulates the whole body.…

Q: What do you mean by depolarization and repolarization?

A: An action potential (AP) appears when the membrane potential of a particular cell location rapidly…

Q: What comprises the extensor mechanism?

A: Extensor mechanism involved in extending the tibiofemoral joint. It refers the common linkage…

Q: Are Golgi Type I neurons a type of interneuro

A: INTERNEURONS:- Found in the central nervous system. Present in the brain and spinal cord. This is…

Q: Describe the role of the fissures

A: The fissures (deeper grooves) are present in the brain that separates the large region in the brain

Q: What is meant by the term "dialogic reading"?

A: Dialogic learning is learning that takes place through dialogue. Dialogic processes refer to implied…

Q: Give reasons for this continued depolarization?

A: The nerve cell or neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system along with the brain. They…

Q: How is saltatory conduction different from continuous conduction?

A: The neuron is the brain’ basic functional unit. It is a specialized cell and is designed to transfer…

Q: What is absolute refractory period?

A:

Q: What are two functions of electroreceptors?

A: electroreceptors are the jelly-filled tubes on the surface of the sharkskin this tube ends in the…

Q: What is the difference of depolarization and hyperpolarization? Why do cold receptors depolarize…

A: both are the phases in the generation and conduction of an action potential.

Q: What is a major advantage of saltatory conduction?

A: conduction of impulse occur via the neurons from the cell body to axon and then to dendrites or…

Q: What is the difference between Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis?

A: Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It destroys the myelin…

Q: When does the membrane gets depolarized?

A: The presence of opposing electrical charges on either side of a cell membrane is referred to as…

Q: How are Depolarization and graded potential caused?

A: Depolarization is also known as Hypopolarization. Depolarization results in a change in the electric…

Q: Define the term autoreceptors?

A: Introduction  Hormones regulate various physiological activities of the body such as growth,…

Q: What is Hyperpolarization?

A: In the ion channel, the proteins expressed by all living cells make a pathway for charged ions from…

Q: What is resting potential?

A: Plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell. It is selective permeable in nature that is it…

Q: Explain the structure of schwann cells.

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits the information. A neuron is the…

Q: in the cardiac His-purkinje system , why do more polarized cells conduct electrical signals more…

A: The heart's electrical conduction system transmits signals normally produced by the sinoatrial node…

Q: Distinguish between Depolarization and Repolarization?

A: Action potential is defined as a sudden and rapid increase and decrease in the voltage across the…

Q: What is meant by Extensors?

A: Muscle is a soft tissue, protein filaments formed of actin and myosin and is commonly found in all…

Q: What is Sellick's maneuver, when is it used, how is it performed? How can a CST be of assistance by…

A: A CST(certified surgical technologist) is a person/professional who plays a major role in the…

Q: Which is typically the most effective temporal NS-US arragement? Why?

A: Introduction By Organising The Neutral And Unconditional Responses In Various Ways, The Effective…

Q: What are Efferent neurons?

A: The nervous system is an important organ system in the body. The nervous system is composed of…

Q: Two major material baroreceptors are located where?

A: Baroeceptors are a type of mechanoreceptors which are aimed at maintaining blood pressure and hence…

Q: After injuring his back lifting a sofa, Tom exhibits a positive Babinski reflex. What does this…

A: When the body receives any certain stimuli then a response occurs that is known as a reflex. And the…

Q: What is rapid depolarization? What are its side effects?

A: Depolarization also known as the hypo polarization . It is a broad term and used in different…

Q: What is saltaTory conduction and how does it work?

A: Most axons are enclosed in a myelin sheath and are called myelinated. The myelin sheath act as an…

Q: What becomes active during a sag in neuron which is an indication of hyperpolarisation activated…

A: Hyperpolarisation activated cation current (Ih) in neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid…

Q: What does a nerve impluse flow more rapidly in myelinated nerve fibres than in non-myelinated nerve…

A: The axons of many neurons have a segmented white insulating cover over it. This is called myelin…

Q: What is saltatory conduction?

A: The communication within tissues occurs due to action potentials. Whenever there is a change in…

Q: Give one example of Extensors?

A: Skeletal muscles produce all the movements of body parts in relation to each other and are attached…

Q: Why do get dizzy

A: Dizziness is a feeling of woozy, unbalanced, or lightheadedness. It affects the sensory organs of…

Q: Why is secondary sucession faster than primary sucession?

A: The ecological communities of earth are constantly changing due to various factors. During  the…

Q: What does afferent, integration and efferent mean?

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. It is the longest cell among all.

Q: At the onset of exercise, what does sympathetic discharge cause?

A: The sympathetic stimulation connects the organs to the brain through spinal nerves. The stimulation…

Q: What is the main mechanism contributing to the absolute refractory period in neurons:

A: Introduction: The neuron, a specialized cell that transmits information to other nerve cells, muscle…

Q: epsp’s and ipsp’s, where are they occurring

A: A transient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane generated by the passage of positively…

Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs

Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.

Sensory Receptors

The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.