What is the difference of depolarization and hyperpolarization? Why do cold receptors depolarize quickly and warm receptors hyperpolarize quickly?

Q: Name the following ion channels are sensitive to pressure waves in fluid of the inner ear?…

A: Introduction The organs of hearing and equilibrium are a pair of ears that are situated on the sides…

Q: What are Refractory Periods?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  NEURON   It is the longest cell inside the human body  It is found in the brain…

Q: What does a receptor detect?

A: Receptors are known as the special class of proteins that will function by binding the specific…

Q: What is the role of the relative refractory period?

A: Introduction Nerves play vital role in conduction of signals from CNS to various other organs, nerve…

Q: You are recording from a touch receptor in skin. When you stimulate a spot on the skin, the receptor…

A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct. - Whether the receptor sends its output to the somatosensory cortex…

Q: Which effector tissues have cholinergic receptors? Pumping cells? Afferent arteriole of the kidney?…

A: Cholinergic receptors are receptors on the surface of cells that get activated when they bind a type…

Q: What are the purposes of the Absolute and Relative Refractory Periods?

A: Action potentials can be defined as the swift rise and succeeding fall in the membrane potential or…

Q: why do some students like to study in a busy coffee house? How is this related to the reticular…

A: Student may think that the noise of the people can you distract you and leads their study in…

Q: For a second action potential to be fired an ......threshold must be reached......... the absolute…

A: An “action potential” occurs when the neuron is sending down an axon. It is an “explosion of…

Q: Explain the meaning and relevance of a sensory neuron’s receptive field?

A: The sensory neuron is a nerve cell and detects external signals. These receive information through…

Q: Differentiate between cold receptor and warmth receptor?

A: Receptors are the special structures that is found in or on the cell membranes. They are usually…

Q: What do the temperature receptors generate?

A: Receptor potential is produced by the opening of the ion channel. this further leads to the release…

Q: Describe how sound waves are transduced into action potentials.

A: A bone named stapes is located in the middle of the year which is related to the convection of sound…

Q: Why is Myelin made up of Lipids and protein macromolecules?

A: Myelin is a sheath-like substance that surrounds nerve fibres, insulating & protecting them.…

Q: what is relative refractory?

A: The refractory period refers to the specific time interval when the excitable cells (like neurons)…

Q: List different ways in which the magnitude of a receptor potentialcan vary?

A: The magnitude of the receptor potential decides the recurrence with which activity potentials are…

Q: Compare and contrast ionotropic and signaling. Which senses use which type?

A: The ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated ion channel openings. The metabotropic receptors, on the…

Q: Describe how the sensory-somatic nervous system reacts by reflex to a person touching something hot.…

A: The somatic nervous system is part within the peripheral nervous system. However, somatic refers to…

Q: Receptor cells that are neurons with sensory dendrites are faster than receptor cells that are…

A:

Q: What is absolute refractory period?

A:

Q: What are two functions of electroreceptors?

A: electroreceptors are the jelly-filled tubes on the surface of the sharkskin this tube ends in the…

Q: What is relative refractory period?

A: Refractory period – duration of time during which the cell is unable to respond to a stimulus. It…

Q: When do EPSPs and IPSPs occur?

A: EPSP  :- Cause Membrane Potential to move closer to threshold. Caused by an opening of Cation…

Q: Describe the flow of generation of receptor potential when sensory receptors detected stimuli.

A: Sensory receptors present in our body helps in detecting the changes that occur both in our external…

Q: Explain the physiological basis of the absolute and relative refractory periods?

A: The absolute refractory period can be defined as the period during which another action potential…

Q: How are Depolarization and graded potential caused?

A: Depolarization is also known as Hypopolarization. Depolarization results in a change in the electric…

Q: Where do most second-order somatosensory neuronssynapse with third-order neurons?

A: Neurons synapse with each other for the conduction of signal or impulse.

Q: What is Hyperpolarization?

A: In the ion channel, the proteins expressed by all living cells make a pathway for charged ions from…

Q: How the sensory- somatic nervous system reacts by reflex to a person touching something hot. How…

A: Sensory-somatic nervous system reflex action is carried out through the reflex arc. Reflex arc is a…

Q: Why can a greater-than-normal stimulus trigger an AP during the relative refractory period but not…

A: Our brain sends and receives information in the form of electrical signals. These electrical signals…

Q: How do oligodendrocytes myelinate axons and how does this differ from myelination by Schwann cells

A: Myelination Myelin is a lipid-rich protective insulating layer present around the nerve cell axons.…

Q: How does conduction along a myelinated fiber differ from conduction along an un-myelinated fiber?

A: Myelin is a substance which is rich in lipids and surrounds the nerve cell axons in order to…

Q: What is meant by Extensors?

A: Muscle is a soft tissue, protein filaments formed of actin and myosin and is commonly found in all…

Q: What are the receptor types and neurotransmitters in the three systems?

A: Neurotransmitter receptors are membrane receptor proteins, that are activated by a neurotransmitter.…

Q: List TWO (2) differences between metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptors,

A: Introduction :- Receptors are protein-based chemical structures that receive and transmit signals…

Q: What types of receptors are sensitive to the following modalities? a. light d. sound b. touch e.…

A: Receptors are protein molecules that can be attached to cell surface or located within the cell. It…

Q: What is gustatory cortex?

A: The gustatory cortex is also known as the primary gustatory cortex. It is the structure of the brain…

Q: Explain Differentiate receptors from effectors.

A: Nerves and cells make up the nervous system, which is responsible for sending impulses between…

Q: Two major material baroreceptors are located where?

A: Baroeceptors are a type of mechanoreceptors which are aimed at maintaining blood pressure and hence…

Q: What is rapid depolarization? What are its side effects?

A: Depolarization also known as the hypo polarization . It is a broad term and used in different…

Q: .The right somatosensory cortex interprets general somatosensory information from the left side of…

A: The outermost layer of the brain, cerebral cortex, houses the somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory…

Q: Could you explain to me the saltatory conduction. I don't get what the Na+ and K+ do?

A: An action potential can be defined as a swift rise and succeeding fall in the membrane potential or…

Q: epsp’s and ipsp’s, where are they occurring

A: A transient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane generated by the passage of positively…

Q: What is the difference between the absolute refractory period versus the relative refractory period?

A: Refractory period – duration of time during which the cell is unable to respond to a stimulus. It…