Q: What component of the gram-negative cell has endotoxinproperties?
A: Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin is…
Q: Do common fungi such as bread mold produce antimicrobial compounds?
A: The fungi are cosmopolitan and are almost found everywhere. There are variety of fungi present…
Q: How can activity of a hemolytic exotoxin be detected?
A: Introduction Toxins can be of two type on the basis of their secretion viz. Endotoxins and…
Q: Considering that botulism is caused by apreformed toxin, how do you suppose itcan be treated?
A: Botulism is a disease that causes flaccid paralysis of muscles. This disease is caused by a…
Q: In what people would infection with H. capsulatum beespecially serious?
A: Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of dimorphic fungi that causes a lung infection known as…
Q: Depict the life cycle seen in Entamoeba histolytica infection.
A: Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic protozoan which colonizes humans and is responsible for causes…
Q: What makes Bacillus particularly difficult to kill either by physical or chemical means?
A: Bacillus are aerobic bacteria that are road shaped; they are gram positive and with passing agent…
Q: Mycoplasma pneumoniae produces increased edema due to release of cell wall components resulting in…
A: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes. Legionella pneumophila is a…
Q: Contrast Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome from Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
A: Toxic shock syndrome is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. TSS is typically caused by bacteria…
Q: Why is MRSA not confined to transmission only in hospitals?
A: MRSA is the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that is a resistant strain of S. aureus. It…
Q: Describe the process of infection by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Does infection always lead to…
A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans. The causative agent of this disease is a…
Q: Why is an organism such as Staphylococcus adapted to growth on the human skin whereas the…
A: An organism is able to grow well in an environment which it find suitable in terms of pH and…
Q: Why are staphylococcal infections becoming increasingly difficult to treat?
A: Staphylococci are Gram-positive spherical bacteria that occur in the form of grape-like clusters.…
Q: What property of Staphylococcus epidermidis helps it to colonize plastic materials used in medical…
A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…
Q: Why mightproteorhodopsin make a bacterium such as Pelagibacter morecompetitive in its habitat?
A: Proteorhodopsin(pRhodopsin) is a family of transmembrane proteins which is the most abundant retinal…
Q: Give two sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. It is an opportunistic…
Q: how can we detect alcers before it gets to stomach cancer with Helicobacter bacteria and are there…
A: Helicobacter bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) is a gram negative, spiral and microaerophilic (oxygen…
Q: Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same…
A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…
Q: Why do wound infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sometimes have green pus?
A: There are some living organisms that are not possibly be observed by the naked eye and only visible…
Q: Compare and contrast the mode of action of tetanus and botulinum toxins.
A: Introduction The toxins are small peptide molecules that can cause disease after contact with the…
Q: Briefly explain how urease helps Helicobacter pylori to evade the protective nature of the body.
A: Helicobacter pylori; is a bacterium which is responsible for many diseases and health in human…
Q: How are botulism and tetanus alike and different?
A: Tetanus and botulism are two deadly neurological diseases found in human and animals.
Q: Why are healthy individuals in hospitals not considered to be as much at risk for infections by…
A: Superbugs are the microorganisms which can be Bactria, viruses or fungi, which develop resistance…
Q: Two microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of…
A: A neurotoxin isolated from the clostridium botulinum bacteria (can cause food poisoning) is Botox…
Q: Why do gram-positive bacteria not produce endotoxins?
A: ExotoxinsThey are proteineous substances that are produced within the bacterium as a byproduct of…
Q: Do you think that all the residential flora of mouth cause dental caries? Explain.
A: The presence of nutrients, epithelial debris, and secretions makes the mouth a favorable habitat for…
Q: Why is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and…
A: Exotoxin are the toxins produced by bacteria without cell lysis these toxin causes disease in the…
Q: If endotoxin can not convert to toxoids how can we treat endotoxin?
A: Endotoxin is a toxin present inside a bacterial cell that is released when it disintegrates.…
Q: why is microalgae spirulina is most commonly used to reduce air pollution?
A: Pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the environment. These harmful substances are…
Q: What pathological changes are associated with the presence of Entamoeba histolytica?
A: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic anaerobic amoebozoan belonging to the Entamoeba genus. E.…
Q: What is unusual about the reservoir of Legionella? What is theepidemiological pattern of the…
A: Legionella is a genus of motile, Gram-negative bacteria that causes legionellosis including a…
Q: Name the bacteria (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism.
A: The diseases caused by the virus are viral diseases. There are various bacteria that are harmless…
Q: Explain why Legionella pneumophila might be considered an ‘accidental’ human pathogen.
A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…
Q: Name a food product that could transmit bothSalmonella and Campylobacter simultaneously. Howcould…
A: Pathogenicity represents a specialization in a certain microorganism to replicate and damage host…
Q: Compare the course of botulism infection and disease with that oftetanus.
A: Clostridium botulinum is the bacterium that is responsible for botulism. Tetanus is caused by…
Q: Why is it important to take medicine like vitamin c, zinc, and rosehip oil in this time of the…
A: Healthy diet It includes balanced diet, and contains different types of nutrition such as,…
Q: Why are there fewer clinically effective antifungal andantiparasitic agents than antibacterial…
A: Antifungal agents or medications are the drugs or pharmaceuticals that either kill or inhibit the…
Q: Why are staphylococci well suited for the colonization of skin?
A: Staphylococcus is a gram positive bacteria. Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that…
Q: Explain about gram reaction in staphylococcus capitis
A: Staphylococcus capitis is a species of staphylococcus bacteria. It is coagulase-negative species…
Q: What are the major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?
A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…
Q: Normal resident microbes are absent from thea. pharynx b. lungs c. intestine d. hair follicles
A: Microorganisms that are often present in or on a person and typically do not cause any disease are…
Q: How does Clostridium Perfringens contribute to the virulence of the pathogens, and give one specific…
A: Food contaminated by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning. It is responsible…
Q: What is the likely outcome of Listeria monocytogenes exposurein normal healthy individuals?
A: Listeria Monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacteria. It is found in soil and decaying food. It can…
Why must the antitoxin be administered in the earliest phases of botulism?
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- Besides enterotoxin, does V. cholerae possess an endotoxin? If it does, is the toxin a significant virulence factor?Why wouldn’t antibiotics work as therapy for botulism?The general public takes for granted the link between an infectious agent and a given infection Discuss the requirements established by Koch, the nineteenth-century German scientist, before ascertaining, for instance, that Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the gastric ulcer. Why is it so essential to meet these conditions?