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- Why would laboratory culture conditions select for the evolution of cells lacking flagella?
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- What is the most important reason for evolution of bacteria? Explain briefly. Which method have been utilized to identify and therapy of cancer by determining proteomic markers?Microbiologists announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrivebetween the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researchers’ laboratories,nor were any of them ever observed via any kind of microscopy. If they couldn’t culture them or see them,how could the researchers know they had discovered new species? If they couldn’t examine the cells for thepresence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?Describe the four phases of bacterial cell division. Where would horizontal gene transfer occur? Where would sporogenesis occur? If antibiotics generally target cells which are growing and dividing as fast as they can, when would antibiotics be most effective? If a culture had 4 cells to begin with and has a generation time of 60 minutes, how long would it take to get 1,048,576 cells?
- What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?Why is it favorable for protozoa to replicate with schizogony versus using simple mitosis? what are the different scenarios that can occur with regards to bacterial growth within a thioglycolate tube? Explain why certain bacteria require one classification versus a different classification. A botanist has been using betaproteobacteria to grow his herb garden, because betaproteobacteria require little nutrients to grow. His garden does not grow successfully, so he comes to you for help to develop the herb garden. Which class of gram negative bacteria would you suggest and why? Why was the botanist’s original idea not going to work?Why is the Endosymbiotic theory so important?
- Microbiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy. If they couldn't culture them or see them, how could the researchers know they discovered a new species? If they couldn't examine the cells for the presence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?Bacteria that live in the digestive systems of cows help break down the plants that cows eat, providing nutrients to cows. The digestive systems of cows offer a safe environment in which the bacteria can live and reproduce. Which type of realationship exist between the bacteria and the cows?What is one argument against the idea that the nucleus has also become part of a eukaryotic cell via an endosymbiosis event?
- What is the evolutionary advantage of bacteria that have flagella vs. bacteria that do not?Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.How can horizontal gene transfer influence evolution? Would you be able to detect it using phylogeny? What about horizontal gene transfer makes reading bacterial trees difficult?