Word Problem 18-21 (Algo) [LU 18-1 (2)] LIFO was designed to protect cash flow in industries where prices increase rapidly. It has been used for both tax and financial statement reporting since the 1930s. The higher cost of goods sold under LIFO in these circumstances results in lower reported profit than under FIFO. In the 2012 budget, President Obama has threatened to repeal LIFO. If Exxon uses FIFO for its inventory valuation, calculate the cost of ending inventory and cost of goods sold if ending inventory is 110 barrels of crude oil: Beginning inventory and purchases Barrels Barrel cost Total cost January 1 132 $ 96 $ 12,672 March 1 57 102 5,814 June 1 72 99 7,128 September 1 82 91 7,462 December 1 57 104 5,928 400 I $ 39,004 Cost of ending inventory Cost of goods sold
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- E8.18 (LO 4) (LIFO Effect) The following example was provided to encourage the use of the LIFO method. In a nutshell, LIFO subtracts inflation from inventory costs, deducts it from taxable income, and records it in a LIFO reserve account on the books. The LIFO benefit grows as inflation widens the gap between current-year and past-year (minus inflation) inventory costs. This gap is: With LIFO Revenues $3,200,000 Without LIFO $3,200,000 2,800,000 150,000 250,000 0 $ 250,000 $ 90,000 $ 160,000 0 0% Cost of goods sold Operating expenses Operating income LIFO adjustment Taxable income Income taxes (36%) Cash flowExtra cash Increased cash flow 2,800,000 150,000 250,000 40,000 $ 210,000 $ 75,600 $ 174,400 $ 14,400 9% Instructions a. Explain what is meant by the LIFO reserve account. b. How does LIFO subtract inflation from inventory costs? c. Explain how the cash flow of $174,400 in this example was computed. Explain why this amount may not be correct. d. Why…[Question 20 Which one of the following is an example of unsystematic risk? Select one: A. Decrease in the national level of inflation B. An across the board increase in income taxes C. National decrease in consumer spending on entertainment D. Adoption of a national sales taxM7 Q6 Minelli Enterprises uses large amounts of copper in the manufacture of ceiling fans. The firm has been very concerned about the detrimental impact of rising copper prices on its earnings and has decided to hedge the price risk associated with its next quarterly purchase of copper. The current market price of copper is $3.00 per pound and Minelli's management wants to lock in this price. How can Minelli ensure that it will pay no more than $3 per pound for copper using a forward contract? Question content area bottom Part 1 (Select the best choice below.) A. Minelli can take a short position in a forward contract for copper, with a delivery date in one month, and a delivery price of $3/lb. To complete this transaction, Minelli must find a counterpart to take the other side of the contract. B. Minelli can take a long position in a forward contract for copper, with a delivery date in one month, and a delivery price of $3/lb. The futures exchange…
- 13- Oman recently introduced 5 % business taxes on some products and services. As a result, the supply curve of these goods and services will ______________. a. Shift Rightward and there will be more supply b. Shift leftward and there will be less supply c. Shift leftward and there will be more supply d. Not shift, and the supply remains the same.2022 ANNUAL RATES INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX SCHEDULE NO CHARGEABLE INCOME RATE OF TAX First GHS 4,380 Nil Next GHS 1,320 5 percent Next GHS 1,560 10 percent Next GHS 36,000 17.5 percent Next GHS 196,740 25 percent Exceeding GHS 240,000 30 percent Question 2(a) Taxation as a fiscal policy is a very helpful tool in most economies, however some researcher believes that in Ghana, it has become a curse to the economic development and growth of the country. DiscussF4. Sonic Corporation imports materials from a Nigerian supplier. Assume that it is 2020 and Sonic Corporation is worried that the Nigerian supplier may enter into a long-term contract with Chinese customer to sell all of their output to the Chinese customers, hence cutting off Sonic Corporation's supply. In the event of such a contract with the Chinese customers, Sonic Corporation will face much higher costs for its raw materials causing its operating profits to decline substantially and its marginal tax rate to fall from its current level of 25% down to 10%. An insurance firm has agreed to write a trade insurance policy that will pay Sonic Corporation $3,700,000 in the event of the Nigerian supply of materials being cut off. The chance of the Nigerian supply being cut off is estimated to be 30%, with a beta of -1.50. The risk-free rate of interest is 3% and the return on the market is estimated to be 10%. What is Sonic's NPV for purchasing this policy? (Hint: you need to determine…
- Discuss carefully the following quotation: “It is reasonable to assume . . . that business can pass along the full value of the [value-added] tax to final consumers. But if [it is assumed that] businesses have the power to raise prices a dollar for each dollar they pay in value-added taxes, then it should also [be] assume[d] businesses can similarly raise prices against every dollar they now pay in payroll and corporate income taxes” [Cockburn and Pollin, 1992, p. A15].41. According to economic theory, a government with a contractionary fiscal policy would decrease taxation, and not increase its spending decrease its borrowing increase its borrowing, and increase its spending increase taxation, and not increase its spending 42. In a bank-based financial system, the entities which exert the greatest degree of corporate control are financial institutions private equity companies private shareholders institutional shareholdersWhich of the following decreases the cash holding A.The rising commodity prices increases the value of law material inventoriesby 10% B.A manufacturer decreases production in anticipation of a decrease in demand C.THe frim repurchases its own stocks D.THe corporation has decided to give their customer less time in paying their purchases
- 18 The following are the monetary policy tools EXCEPT:* A. buying and selling of short-term sukuk B. change the interest rates C. change the reserve requirements D. change in government spending and tax rates12. Scenario 5—In 2021, The U.S. government sends $100 of stimulus checks to households, which households use to buy stocks and bonds. In 2022, U.S. Metals Inc. imports $50 of iron from England. During this same year, U.S. Metals Inc. uses $40 of iron to produce $80 of steel—$60 sells to government, and $20 is exported to Germany. Refer to Scenario 5 above. What is Investment in 2022? Question 7 options: -$40 $50 $10 None of the above.To assist with the economic recovery in the aftermath of 2008/2009 and 2020 recessions, the Federal Reserve engaged in Large Scale Asset Purchases. The Large Scale Asset Purchases a included buying billions of US Treasury bonds b included buying billions of Mortgage-Backed Securities c is considered to be an unconventional tool of the Federal Reserve d All of the above