Xist encodes a protein that will coat a Y chromosome to promote its compaction. Xist is located in the XIC region of the X chromosome. Xist functions in the initiation phase of X inactivation
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Select all true statements about the Xist gene.
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- Describe how chromatin remodeling complexes allowgene expression to occur.Figure 19.25 shows that the Sxl protein binds to the mRNA of the msl-2 gene, inhibiting translation of the mRNA’s proper reading frame. The MSL-2 protein is a transcription factor that binds to the X chromosome in XY males to double the level of X-linked gene transcription, thus equalizing X-linked gene expression in XY males and XX females. a. In which sex, XY males or XX females, would the Sxl protein bind to the msl-2 mRNA? b. As discussed in Problem 35, some Sxl alleles are lethal to females and others are lethal to males. Is the function of Sxl in regulating the synthesis of Msl-2 protein sufficient to explain the sex-specific lethality caused by both kinds of alleles? c. Predict the effect of loss-of-function mutations in msl-2 on male and female fertility and viability.In mammals, individuals with two X chromosomes usually de-activate one of the X chromosomes inside most of the organism's clls. The de-activated X chromosome is called a Barr body, and almost no transcription occurs from it. You would expect the Barr body to be composed of 1.) euchromatin 2.) RNA 3.) heterochromatin 4.) single-stranded DNA
- Explain about how X chromosome inactivation takes place in mammals at the chromosomal and molecular level. B. What genes are involved in inactivating a human X chromosome? . C. What role does X chromosome-specific inactivating transcript --XIST-- non coding RNA play in the inactivation of the human X chromosome.Outline the molecular steps in the process of X-chromosomeinactivation (XCI). Which step plays a key role in choosing whichof the X chromosomes will remain active and which will beinactivated?Give examples of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin in:a. Drosophilab. humans
- Q. Which of the following describes the role of acetylation during the chromatin remodeling that accompanies gene expression? A. It adds an acetyl group to the DNA of a promoter sequence. B. It adds an acetyl group to the histone protecting the promoter region of a gene. C. It adds an acetyl group to the cyotsine nucleotides of DNA. D. It adds an acetyl group to the histone protecting the transcription unit of a gene.In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X ChromosomeInactivation in Transgenic Mice, suppose the investigators had looked at the expression of green and red fluorescent protein in early mouse embryos, when theembryos have fewer than 500 cells. What patterns wouldthey likely have observed? (Assume that the transgenesmake gene product this early in development.)describe the folded fiber model of the mitotic chromosome the folded fiber model is based on each_____ consisting of single fiber wound like a skein of yarn. Each fiber consists of ___-. A cloning process occurs during the transition of _____ chromatin into more condensed chromosomes during ____ of mitosis or meiosis. Such condensation leads to 5000 folded ____ in the length of the DNA. The transition is at the end of ______ and in the beginning of ____ when the chromosomes are in the condensation process. This eventually leads to typically short and fat and chromosome. interphase, RNA and protein, prophase, protein, DNA and protein, couple of fibers, contraction, extension, chromatid, metaphase
- Let’s suppose an X-linked gene in mice exists as two alleles, whichwe will call B and b. X-chromosome inactivation, a process inwhich one X chromosome is turned off, occurs in the somatic cellsof female mammals . Allele B encodes an mRNA that is 900 nucleotides long, whereas allele b contains a small deletion that shortens the mRNA to a length of 825 nucleotides.Draw the expected Northern blot that will be obtained usingmRNA isolated from somatic tissue of the followingmice:Lane 1. mRNA from an XbY male mouseLane 2. mRNA from an XbXb female mouseLane 3. mRNA from an XBXb female mouse.Note: The sample taken from the female mouse is not from aclone of cells. It is from a tissue sample, like the one shown.What role does reverse transcription play in chromosomal maintenance? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionThe data below are from a DNAse-Seq experiment of chromosome 22. DNAse-seq is another method for measuring chromatin organization. In the experiment, regions of chromatin are digested with DNAse I and DNA is sequenced to determined to identify cleavage sites. See this short article for complete explanation. Which of the following statements are true based on the data below (select all that apply)? A. Region C appears to be an actively transcribed region in all tissue types except trophoblasts B. Region A could be an origin of replication for the chromosome C. Region B is highly associated with nucleosomes in BE2C and Natural KIller Cells D. The genes in the fetal kidney tissue are the least actively transcribed on chromosome 22. E. The data for each tissue must be from separate people to have such a variation in DNAse sensitivity