You are a visitor aboard the New International Space Station, which is in a circular orbit around the Earth with an orbital speed of vo = 2.72 km/s. The station is equipped with a high velocity projectile launcher, which can be used to launch small projectiles in various directions at high speeds. Most of the time, the projectiles either enter new orbits around the Earth or eventually fall down and hit the Earth. However, as you know from your physics courses at the Academy, projectiles launched with a sufficiently great initial speed can travel away from the Earth indefinitely, always slowing down but never falling back to Earth. With what minimum total speed, relative to the Earth, would projectiles need to be launched from the station in order to "escape" in this way? For reference, recall that the radius of the Earth is Rg = 6370000 m, the mass of the Earth is MẸ = 5.98 × 10²ª kg, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is g = 9.81 m/s² and the universal gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10-1! N-m²/kg².

You are a visitor aboard the New International Space Station, which is in a circular orbit around the Earth with an orbital speed of vo = 2.72 km/s. The station is equipped with a high velocity projectile launcher, which can be used to launch small projectiles in various directions at high speeds. Most of the time, the projectiles either enter new orbits around the Earth or eventually fall down and hit the Earth. However, as you know from your physics courses at the Academy, projectiles launched with a sufficiently great initial speed can travel away from the Earth indefinitely, always slowing down but never falling back to Earth. With what minimum total speed, relative to the Earth, would projectiles need to be launched from the station in order to "escape" in this way? For reference, recall that the radius of the Earth is Rg = 6370000 m, the mass of the Earth is MẸ = 5.98 × 10²ª kg, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is g = 9.81 m/s² and the universal gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10-1! N-m²/kg².

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter7: Gravity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7PQ: Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest...

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Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest distance (apogee) from the center of the Earth is rA = 4.05 108 m, and its closest distance (perigee) is rP = 3.63 108 m. a. Calculate the semimajor axis of the Moons orbit. b. How far is the Earth from the center of the Moons elliptical orbit? c. Use a scale such as 1 cm 108 m to sketch the EarthMoon system at apogee and at perigee and the Moons orbit. (The semiminor axis of the Moons orbit is roughly b = 3.84 108 m.)
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