Promoter TrpR ✓ High levels of tryptophan ✓ Absence of Tryptophan mCherry Fluorescence Operator Promoter S/D mCherry Expression 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 .I A B A. Condition A B. Condition B TrpE TrpD mCherry 0 LA BAAD A ✓ High levels of tryptophan ✓ Absence of Tryptophan ✓Point mutation in TrpE gene that introduces stop codon. Measured in absence of Tryptophan ✓ Mutation in TrpR so it no longer binds tryptophan. Measured in presence of Tryptophan ✓ Mutation of Trp operon so TrpR can no longer bind to operator. Measure in the absence of Tryptophan. ✓ Mutation of Trp operon so TrpR can no longer bind to operator. Measure in the presence of Tryptophan. B A. Condition A B. Condition B

You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reportergene in which the jellyfish GFP cDNA is placeddownstream of a basal promoter that functions inmice. You will now fuse this enhancerless reporter tothe three types of sequences listed below (x–z).a. Which of the three types of sequences would youuse for which of the three listed purposes (i–iii)? Ineach case, explain how the particular fusion wouldaddress the particular use.Types of sequences fused to the reporter:x. random mouse genome sequencesy. known mouse kidney-specific enhancerz. fragments of genomic DNA surroundingthe transcribed part of a mouse geneUses:i. to identify a gene’s enhancer(s)ii. to express GFP tissue-specificallyiii. to identify genes expressed in neuronsb. Which of the sequences (x–z) would you fuse to aparticular mouse gene of interest in order to express the protein product of the gene ectopically,that is, in a tissue in which the gene is not usuallyexpressed? Why might you want to do this experiment in the first…

. In an effort to determine the location of an operator sitefor a negatively regulated gene, you have made a seriesof deletions within the regulatory region. The extent ofeach deletion is shown by the line underneath the sequence, and the resulting expression from the operon(i = inducible; c = constitutive; − = no expression) isalso indicated.... GGAT C T T AGCCGGCTAACATGATAAATATAA......C C T AGAATCGGCCGA TTGTA C T A TTT ATAT T ...1 i2 –3 c4 –5 ca. What can you conclude from these data about thelocation of the operator site?b. Why do you think deletions 2 and 4 show no expression of the gene?

ABOUT Phenylketonuria Explain Potential technical issues and limitations of PCR technology are mentioned  Correct information about tissue that can be used to test for a genetic disease and justification of tissue selection  Detailed information about the position (exact base pair number) of the new mutation relative to the sequence of the PAH gene. Numbering is based on the start of transcription of the PAH gene. PLEASE ANSWER ALLLL PLEASEE

A scientist compares the promoter regions of two genes. Gene A’s core promoter plus proximal promoter elements encompasses 70bp. Gene B’s core promoter plus proximal promoter elements encompasses 250bp. Which of the scientist’s hypotheses is most likely to be correct? More transcripts will be made from Gene B Transcription of Gene A involves fewer transcription factors Enhancers control Gene B’s transcription Transcription of Gene A is more controlled than transcription of Gene B.

A chromosome contains many different genes that are transcribed into different ___ . a. proteins b. polypeptides c. RNAs d. a and b

The photos below show flowers from two Arabidopsis plants. The plant on the left is wild-type (unmutated); the other carries a mutation that causes its flowers to have sepals and petals instead of stamens and carpels. The mutation inactivated one of the plant's ABC floral identity genes. Refer to Figure 10.8 and decide which gene (A, B, or C) has been inactivated.

For each of the E. coli strains that follow, indicate theeffect of the genotype on the expression of the trpEand trpC genes in the presence or absence of tryptophan. [In the wild type (R+ P+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+),trpC and trpE are fully repressed in the presence oftryptophan and are fully expressed in the absence oftryptophan.]R = repressor gene; Rnproduct cannot bind tryptophan; R− product cannot bind operatoro = operator for the trp operon; o− cannot bind repressoratt = attenuator; att− is a deletion of the attenuatorP = promoter; P− is a deletion of the trp operonpromotertrpE− and trpC− are null (loss-of-function) mutationsa. R+ P− o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+b. R− P+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+c. RnP+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+d. R− P+ o+ att− trpE+ trpC+e. R+ P+ o− att+ trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o+ att+trpE− trpC+f. R+ P− o+ att+ trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o+ att+trpE− trpC+g. R+ P+ o− att− trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o− att+trpE− trpC+

For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. basal factors 1. organizes enhancer/promoter interactionsb. repressors 2. pattern of expressiondepends on which parenttransmitted the allelec. CpG 3. activates gene transcriptiontemporal- and tissue-specificallyd. imprinting 4. site of DNA methylatione. miRNA 5. identifies DNA-binding sitesof transcription factorsf. coactivators 6. bind to enhancersg. epigenetic effect 7. bind to promotersh. insulator 8. bind to activatorsi. enhancer 9. prevents or reduces geneexpression posttranscriptionallyj. ChIP-Seq 10. heritable change in geneexpression not caused byDNA sequence mutation

Presence of the heparin promotes transcription. a) True b) False