Companies often have to increase their initial investment costs to obtain real options. Whymight this be so, and how could a firm decide whether it was worth the cost to obtain agiven real option?
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Companies often have to increase their initial investment costs to obtain real options. Why
might this be so, and how could a firm decide whether it was worth the cost to obtain a
given real option?
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- Which of the following will NOT increase the value of a real (call) option? Group of answer choices: A decrease in the probability that a competitor will enter the market of the project in question. An increase in the risk-free rate A decrease in the cost of obtaining the real option Lengthening the time in which a real option must be exercised. A decrease in the volatility of the underlying source of risk.A. Is selling a put option the same as buying a call option? Explain your answer. B. What is a market portfolio? How is it related to the concept of diversification? Would an investor who dislikes risk prefer investing in the market portfolio or a single firm´s stocks? C. What is a production bottleneck? How can a production bottleneck be identified using the simplex method (explain verbally). D. Which of the following pairs of firms sell competing products? Justify your answer. (You can use the internet to find out what each of these firms does.) (i) NorgesGruppen and Bunnpris (ii) NorgesGruppen and DNB (iii) NorgesGruppen and Equinor (iv) NorgesGruppen and McDonalds (v) NorgesGruppen and Orkla (vi) NorgesGruppen and SalmaWhy must real options have positive value? (Select all the choices that apply.) A. Having the real option but not the obligation to act is valuable. B. Real options must have positive value because they can always be sold to recover the initial investment. C. Real options must have positive value because they are only exercised when doing so would increase the value of the investment. D. If exercising the real option would reduce value, managers can allow the option to go unexercised.
- Which of the below statements is false about real options? A. Real options increase firm value B.Investing in a project can be priced as an American call option C.Abandoning a project can be priced as an American put option D.Growth options have no impact on the market value of the firmWhich of the following statements is FALSE? A. You invest today only when the NPV of investing today exceeds the value of the option of waiting, which from option pricing theory we know to be always positive. B. When you do not have the option to wait, it is optimal to invest in any positive−NPV project. C. One way to see why you sometimes choose not to invest in a positive−NPV project is to think about the decision of when to invest as a choice between two mutually exclusive projects: (1) invest today or (2) wait. D. When you have the option of deciding when to invest, it is usually optimal to invest only when the NPV is positive but close to zero.If a company has an option to abandon a project, would this tend to make the company more or less likely to accept the project today?
- To hedge, a user of an energy resource wants price protection from rising prices. The user decides to buy a call option to protect against rising prices. But they want a lower cost of hedging and decide to construct a collar strategy. What other action should they take along with the purchase of the call option? Buy a call option Sell a call option Buy a put option Sell a put option None of the aboveWhich of the following is an example of a way in which companies can create value by exploiting real options? A.Exercising in-the-money real options immediately B.Optimally delaying or abadoning projects C.Abandoning good projects in favor of newer projects D.Acting quickly to take on the new projects even if there is no cost to waitFinancial advisors generally recommend that their clients allocate more to higher risk–return asset classes (like equities) if their investment horizons are long. Is this advice consistent with the basic M-V model? Does adding a shortfall constraint to the M-V model make a difference? If so, how? If not, why not? Assuming investment opportunities change over time, what type of asset return behavior would justify this advice within the M-V framework?
- what is meant by the value of a potential takeover target as an independent firm ? when can a financial analyst can just use the current market valuation as the starting point for the valuation? what cant they? what is the difference between these two valuation, if any?Explain how the possible profit and loss possibilities arise for an individual who invests in a: A Call Option, be sure to explain what a Call Option is. Be sure to incorporate the cost of the Call Option in your analysis. A Put Option, be sure to explain what a Put Option is. Be sure to incorporate the cost of the Put Option in your analysis.Which of the following is a true statement regarding the future worth of a single investment alternative? (a) It will be equal to both the present worth and the annual worth if the same discounting interest rate is used. (b) Choose to invest if the calculated amount is less than zero at the investment rate of return. (c) It will yield a recommendation consistent with the present worth and annual worth methods if the same discounting interest rate is used.(d) It cannot be used to evaluate single investment alternatives.