The brain, also known as the master organ, is a complex nervous organ that is made of millions of nerves. It is part of the Central nervous system of humans. Structurally brain is divided into several lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital) that differ in their functions. Meninges is a layer of tissue that surrounds the brain. Skull protects the brain from any injury. The brain is divided into three parts the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The forebrain is divided into thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebrum while the medulla oblongata, pons, and the cerebellum make up the hindbrain.
The brain works in the body to regulate various activities. Any stimulus from the outer environment is carried to the brain where it is processed and sent to various organs to generate a response. Various functions that the brain perform are:
- Problem solving, judgement and motor functions.
- Memory, hearing, vomiting, visualization and sense of smell through olfactory bulbs.
- The brain also works to manage sensation and body functions.
- Respiration, cardiac system and process of digestion are also regulated by the brain through the medulla oblongata.
- The hypothalamus and thalamus regions of the brain regulate hunger, emotions and sexual behaviours.
- Regulation of sleep activity is also a function of the brain.
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