a)Why is an unbiased statistic generally preferred over a biased statistic for estimating apopulation parameter ? (b)Does unbiasedness alone guarantee that an estimate will be close to the true value ?Explain. (c)Under what circumstances might you choose a biased statistic over an unbiased statistic iftwo statistics are available for estimating a population parameter ?
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(a)Why is an unbiased statistic generally preferred over a biased statistic for estimating apopulation parameter ?
(b)Does unbiasedness alone guarantee that an estimate will be close to the true value ?Explain.
(c)Under what circumstances might you choose a biased statistic over an unbiased statistic iftwo statistics are available for estimating a population parameter ?
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- 1.) How is an estimation of parameters used in real-life situations? 2.) How important is making estimation of parameters in making inference about the entire population?Studies originating in France about 15 years ago claimed that moderate red wine drinking (1-2 glasses per day) lowered rates of heart disease. a). What would be an ideal way to test this theory? What data would you collect, on how many people and from where?b). If you were forced to use observational data from some big data sets, what would your dependent (Y) and independent (X) variables be?c). Can you imagine any sampling or measurement problems inherent to your study? How might they hinder your analysis?d). Could red wine be a confounding variable for something else, explain?e). Let’s suppose that you found with more than 99% confidence that red wine reduced heart disease in France and the effect was substantial. Explain how the concepts of external validity and extrapolationmight or might not be concerns in applying the results to different groups in the United States?a) Why is an unbiased statistic generally preferred over a biased statistic for estimating a population characteristic? An unbiased statistic is generally preferred over a biased one because the unbiased statistic , on average, give the correct value for the population characteristic being estimated, while the biased one . (b) Does unbiasedness alone guarantee that the estimate will be close to the true value? Explain. Unbiasedness alone guarantee that the value of the statistic will be close to the true value of the population characteristic, since, if the statistic has a large standard deviation, values of the statistic will tend to be the population characteristic. (c) Under what circumstances might you choose a biased statistic over an unbiased statistic if two statistics are available for estimating a population characteristic? A biased statistic might be chosen in preference to an unbiased one if the biased statistic has a standard deviation than that of the unbiased statistic,…
- What does it mean that a sample statistic is an unbiased estimator of a population parameter?1 A. Explain when the implementation of measurement uncertainty (error) uses descriptive statistical methods or the Gaussian method B B.Explain the importance or uncertainty of measurement (error)What is the difference between a population and a sample? Which isdescribed by a parameter and which is described by a statistic?
- Under what circumstances would a t-test be the appropriate method of statistical analysis? Give an example to illustrate.A critical part of inferential statistics involves determining how far sample statistics are likely to vary from each other and from the population parameter. Discuss a real-world situation in which the sampling distribution of the means might be taken and describe why it would be useful in that circumstance.Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically). What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions? Be sure to provide justification of the statistical method. When a statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. Stress has been related to several poor health outcomes, particularly high blood pressure. Women will be surveyed on stress levels (defined as small/moderate, and large/overwhelming) and will have their blood pressure assessed at a clinic. Women will be categorized as having high blood pressure or not (the outcome of interest). Weight and height will also be assessed at the clinic visit to obtain BMI. Is there a relationship between stress and high blood pressure, controlling for BMI?
- Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically). What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions? Be sure to provide justification of the statistical method. When a statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. A study investigating the effects of second-hand smoke in working environments asked the following question: “How often do you experience second-hand smoke in a work environment/function? Never, Occasionally, Fairly Often, Very Often, Almost Always.” The question was asked of managers and employees to determine whether there was an association between position and the amount of second-hand smoke exposure. The responses to the questions were grouped into Little/Non and Often, where Little/None was defined as responses of Never or Occasionally and Often was defined as responses of Fairly…If you are conducting a study on the academic performance of students who are registered members of any of the university's sports and cultural clubs. A colleague has suggested that it is better for you to utilise secondary data for your study. Do you agree with her suggestion? Justify your responseTo help assess the health risks of second-hand smoke, the levels of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) were measured in mmol/l in the urine of seven subjects prior to exposure to second-hand smoke and shortly after a two-hour exposure to secondary cigarette smoke. Did the exposure significantly increase the cotinine level? What will be the appropriate statistical analysis to use in this problem? a. z-Test for Comparing Two Means from Independent Populations b. t-Test for Comparing Two Means when the Samples are Dependent c. z-test for comparing the difference between two proportions d. t-Test for Comparing Two Means from Independent Samples e. F-test in Comparing the Difference Between Two Variances