Capacitor

Abstract The health and economic impact of food spoilage to both consumers and producers are enormous, it has a detrimental effect on the consumer's health and negatively impacts the bottom line of the producers. In the past monitoring of food quality are done using a sensor which observes changes in temperature, releases of gases which are not effective and every year million health cases result from food spoilage. This paper introduces an intelligent monitoring system that uses NFC based sensor

examples are capacitors, which are shaped differently according to their functionality. The Basic Electronics Tutorials explained "the Capacitor, sometimes referred to as a Condenser, is a simple passive device that is used to 'store electricity'." There are many types of capacitors on a circuit board which can be distinguished by sizes or its relative area that's on the board. There are electrolytic, film, dielectric and ceramic capacitor. Most electronics use electrolytic capacitors. Capacitors are usually

HVDC power transmission line can be constructed in many configurations like monopolar, bi-polar, tri-polar, back to back and many more. Their advantages and disadvantages has been discussed in [28] among them multi-terminal, multi-infeed or mesh type configuration is the better choice for aplications because of higher flexibility and efficiency. In a AC power grid several DC lines can be connected with existing AC line in this configuration with additional converters & inverters connected with grid

INTRODUCTION Graphene is a two-dimensional material (2D), composed of layers of carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb network, has become a sparkling rising star on the horizon of material science in the last several years. Even though GN is the mother of all graphitic forms, including 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 3D graphite, which have been intensively studied for decades, not too much attention was paid to GN before. Graphene, a monolayer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged

There are two different ways to filter data and reduce data noise: through hardware changes, through software calculations. Hardware alterations include: grounding and shielding, difference and instrumentation amplifiers, analog filtering, and modulation. Grounding and Shielding- Noise from environment can often be dramatically reduced by shielding, grounding, and minimizing wire lengths. Shielding is surrounding a circuit or the wires in the circuit with a conducting material then attaching that

separation. Although controlled opening is greatly done using the current through the circuit breaker, the bus bar voltage can be used if the voltage current phase relationship is always known to us, such as for shunt reactor and switching of shunt capacitor. The breaker is controlled so that its contacts will part just after a current zero. As the contacts manage to open they draw out an arc that will extinguish less than a half cycle later at the next current zero position. When the arc will extinguish

Among a variety of sensing mechanisms and device architectures, field effect transistors (FET) based devices are ideal biosensors for point-of-care systems since they can directly convert the specific binding between receptors on the gate surface and target analytes to an electrical signal for low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection, for which signal acquisition and processing units can be simply integrated. Although silicon based metal oxide FETs (MOSFETs) (planar or nanowire) [45,46], carbon nanotube

Responsive Art Creating art has always been an interest to me. However sometimes I would like to see art become more than a still picture, painting, statue, etc. More recently the way in which a person can make still art come alive is even more interesting. When looking into a project to explore I went to Sciencebuddies.org and answered questions that reflected my interests. By answering these questions the website was able to recommend this subject to me. The more I learned about it the more

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background Power electronics circuits convert electric power from one form to other using electronic devices. By using semiconductor devices as switches power electronics circuits function, thereby controlling or modifying a voltage or current. Power electronics application range from high-power conversion equipment such as dc power transmission to everyday appliances, such as cell phone chargers, cordless screwdrivers, power supplies for computers, and hybrid

expressed as For the traditional voltage source PWM inverter, we have the well-known relationship: . Equation (10) shows that the output voltage can be stepped up and down by choosing an appropriate buck–boost factor BB, From (1), (5) and (8), the capacitor voltage can expressed as The buck–boost factor is determined by the modulation index and boost factor. The boost factor as expressed in (8) can be controlled by duty cycle (i.e., interval ratio) of the shoot-through zero state over the non-shoot-through