Introduction Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. This
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are biological molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Like proteins and fats, they are macronutrients that are part of our daily diet. Functions of Carbohydrates in the body Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, enabling metabolism, thus preventing the breakdown of protein as an energy source. Carbohydrates are the preferred source of fuel for the brain, muscle and other organs. Foods and Drinks that Have Carbohydrates Carbohydrates
first thing that should come to mind is carbohydrates. They are one of the main nutrients where we get our energy from, and are defined as “a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is derived from plants and provide energy” (Thompson & Manore, 2017, p. 100). Carbohydrates are divided up into two groups: simple and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are “commonly called sugar” (Thompson & Manore, 2017, p. 101). Simple carbohydrates are found in a variety of foods such as
Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are hydrated due to the 2;1 ratio of hydrogen and water. Carbohydrates have 3 groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (see figure 7) Monosaccharides are simple sugars that made up of 1 sugar unit and include glucose, fructose, galactose which are substrates for respiration. When 2 monosaccharides gain a glycosidic bond to attach to another they become disaccharides. On the reverse, when they are broken down from
Background and Carbohydrates How are macromolecule polymers assembled from monomers? How are they broken down? To assemble a macromolecule polymer from monomers, the monomers must bond. This is a process known as a dehydration reaction, in which a water molecule is lost to form the bond. When this process occurs, each of the two bonded monomers provides part of the water molecule that was lost in the dehydration reaction: one contributes a hydroxyl group and the other a hydrogen. Dehydration reaction
Lipids and Carbohydrates Lipids are a group of substances, which include fats, oils and waxes. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, glycogen and cellulose. They are stored in plants as starches and in animals as glycogen. There are many differences between carbohydrates and lipids. For example lipids are insoluble in water whereas carbohydrates are soluble in water. This is because lipids contain non - polar hydrocarbon units whereas water contains polar hydrocarbon
Carbohydrate Analysis Introduction and Purpose Carbohydrates are organic compounds that consist of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. There are four different ways that carbohydrates can be classified: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars. They are aliphatic aldehydes or ketones and most have five or six carbon atoms. Oligosaccharides are two monosaccharides linked together by the elimination of a water molecule which allows the glycosidic bond
Nutrition and Macronutrients: Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, is the preferred fuel for working muscles. It is particularly important during high intensity activity but whatever exercise is performed some carbohydrate will be used. Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver as a substance known as glycogen and is rapidly converted back to glucose when is it required. The capacity for glycogen storage is limited - a 70kg individual has glycogen reserves of approximately 400g
Introduction Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are usually known as sugars and they have the general formula Cx(H2O)y (Elmhurst College, 2003). Depending on the number of monomers, carbohydrates can be monosacharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Monomers are the single monosaccharide units alone. Oligosaccharides can contain from 2 to 10 monosaccharides and polysaccharides are made of many monosaccharides. They may also contain either a ketone or aldehyde functional group (King, 2014). Some examples
the observance of a particular enzyme in a test performance. (3 points) 14.While working a part-time at a lab, the student is asked to grab a jar that contains carbohydrates. Two jars are on the counter, each labeled with their chemical formula. One is labeled C5H10O5, and the other is C3H9O3. (6 points) a.Which one is the carbohydrate? (1 point) b.What was the student's decision based upon? (4 points) c.What type of sugar is it? (1 points) 15.Many commercial food products are sweetened with