Cardiac muscle

A heart is made from Cardiac muscles which are only found in the heart, this muscles share similarities with skeletal muscles, but they also have special properties which include automaticity and unlike skeletal muscles, the heart does not have to be stimulated by nerves to contract. This is because action potentials begin spontaneously in the pacemaker region in the right atrium and spread through the ventricles in an automatic, rhythmic cycle in the heart all cardia cells can depolarise and repolarise

The heart is able to do this thanks to the specialized cardiac muscle it contains. The contraction of the heart displays excitatory- contraction coupling (EC coupling) similar to skeletal muscles except the action potential in the heart originates spontaneously at the peace maker of the heart (Silverthorn, 2013). Contraction happens when a rapid depolarization occurs due to

The cardiovascular system, the workhorse of the body, has long been an object of fascination by civilizations. How does such a tiny muscle support the life of a human for such a long period of time? The answer lies within the physiology of the cardiovascular system itself. Simple one-celled organisms had one major problem when it came to the diffusion of oxygen, the oxygen required by a mammal for instance, would be much greater than the rate at which these cells could diffuse oxygen. Thus the need

emulate the natural cardiac environment. In order to best reconstruct the damaged tissue of a heart following myocardial infarction, the chemical and biological cues that dictate cell recruitment and differentiation in the native tissues are required. Each human tissue contains its own specific combination of proteins and proteoglycans within the ECM to facilitate this process, so it serves that scaffold material obtained from the heart would best serve to reconstruct cardiac tissue (Singelyn et

Among the diseases and disorders associated with advancing age, one of the most debilitating is the loss of normal cardiac function leading to heart failure. Heart failure affects approximately 1% of individuals over 50 and over 5% of individuals over 75. With the ongoing steep rise in the proportion of elderly individuals within our population (Schocken et al., 2008), age-related heart failure is becoming increasingly prevalent. Most age-related heart failure occurs in the setting of normal systolic

Basically speaking, an earthworm has two muscles, circular and longitudinal, that allow for locomotion with the muscular system. They run throughout their entire bodies and also help with contraction. Integumentary systems of humans include the skin, nails, and hair. They act as the barrier between

A small subpopulation of the proliferating compartment, consisting of relatively undifferentiated proliferative cells that maintain their population size when they divide, while at the same time producing progeny that enter a dividing transit population within which further rounds of cell division occur, together with differentiation events, resulting in the production of the various differentiated function cells required of the tissue.13 This means that adult stem cells exist in small groups and

Hyperthyroidism Chronic diseases such as hyperthyroidism can be debilitating if not managed well. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland that secrets too much hormones throughout the body causing many different clinical manifestations within all systems. The thyroid gland is located right underneath the larynx also known as the voice box, and straddling the windpipe. It consists of two types of tissues, follicular and parafollicular. The follicular tissues are the ones that secrete hormones

While contraction in skeletal muscle is triggered by motor neurons under central control, certain cardiac muscle variants exhibit autorhythmicity. This means that that they are capable of producing their own depolarizing electrical potential. The cardiomyocytes that are capable of producing their own electrical potentials

enclosed of smooth muscle that accommodates 4 chambers. Working in a rhythmic cycle, it pumps blood when contracting and accumulates with blood while relaxing. Therefore, allowing mermaids and humans to perform their roles in daily life. Continuously, mermaids are categorized as vertebrates because they do in fact have a backbone. Thus, all vertebrates have cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. First, cardiac muscle is only found in the heart. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle can trigger action