Checksum

all file’s name. That is because “md5sum” command offers a feature that allows the user to compute a checksum for multiple files with same type or extension. All the user needs to do is to specify the format of the file within the [file] section in the command. Assume that there are four files in the current directory: “1.txt”, “2.txt”, “abc.iso” and “edf.iso”. If the user wants to compute the checksum for all “.txt” files under the current directory, the user can put “*.txt” in the command for file’s

III. OBFUSCATION OF SMART METER DATA A. Need for cryptography During the process of transmission of information, it is almost impossible to prevent eavesdropping. The transmission of smart meter readings is often done over an insecure channel. The privacy related issues become the focal point determining the future of the smart meter technology. In this paper, we propose a novel method to secure the smart meter readings using the concept of cryptography [15]. Cryptography refers to the art of securing

CECS 526 Term Paper Assignment Anand Kamathi (013694471) Aditya Donthi (013668185) Operating System in Cloud Computing: Mechanisms, Issues and Implementation. Abstract Cloud computing is large group of remote servers which are networked for facilitating pervasive, expedient, on-demand network access to configurable and common computing resources such as CPU processing, network bandwidth, disk space that can be quickly facilitated and reclaimed with minimum central management. The underlying complexity

Robustness in HDFS • The primary objective of HDFS is to store data reliably in the case of system failures or crashes. • Three common type of failure occurrences are: o DataNode failure o NameNode failure o Network Partition • The above diagram depicts that each DataNode, which sends a Heartbeat message to the NameNode periodically. • A subset of DataNodes can lose connectivity with the NameNode which is caused by a network partition. • The DataNodes without recent Heartbeats are marked

INTRODUCTION Database migration is the transportation of data from existing database to new database. With the advancement in technologies, upgrade in database data migration has become frequent and change in legal regularity is also a reason. To cope with better performance of the application and better outcome to the organization it is critical to achieve the migration in time, budget and allocated resources. Johny Morris, in [1] related data migration as “the selection, preparation, extraction

There’s been a lot of talk about this new computer system that casts election votes. Ideally, using electronic equipment has many advantages but there are disadvantages hiding in the cave ready to attack. We’ve all seen electronic equipment often work as expected but more importantly, it’s not uncommon for electronic equipment to fail and when this sort of concept is applied to voting, miscounting is simply unacceptable. I think the best way to solve this type problem is to try to make the voting

channel we use timers. 5. UDP and TCP use checksums. What would the checksum be for the following 3- 8 bit words [instead of 16 bits]? 01010011 01100110 01110100 (show all steps of your work) Is it possible for a 1-bit error to go undetected? How about a 2-bit error? Ans: The checksum is as follows If there is over flow we wrap 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

jumbogram. In IPv4 the checksum value is optional, which means in the case there's no checksum value, that value is set to 0 as well as all the bits are set to 0. [3] IPv6 the checksum is mandatory. "The checksum is the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP header, and the data. This header is padded with zero octets at the end (if necessary) to make a multiple of two octets” [5]. IPV6's checksum has a modification in the

IPV 6 ABSTRACT: We have many protocols for the communication. Among them if we take communication protocol which is related to internet, the popular and which is using today is IPV 4. In this paper we are going to discuss about the later version IPV6. INTRODUCTION: Internet protocol is a communication protocol which provides location and identification of computers on networks and routes traffic across the internet. IPV6 is the latest version of internet protocol. It was developed by internet engineering

support built-in No packet flow identification Packet flow identification is available within the IP V6 header using the Flow Label field Fragmentation is done by sender and forwarding routers Fragmentation is only done by sender Checksum field is available in IP V4 header Checksum not in IP V6 header ARP is available to map IP V4 addresses to MAC Addresses ARP is replaced with a function of NDP IGMP is used to manage multicast group membership IGMP is replaced with MLD messages Broadcast messages are