Chromosomes

The cell cycle has four main stages. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth. The four stages consist of Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2), and Mitosis (M). Gap 1, consists of a cell that carries its normal functions. Calls also increase in size, and the organelles increase in number. A cell will spend the most time in this phase. But it also depends on the cell type to see how long it will spend in this phase. During this phase the cell has to pass a critical checkpoint before it can

Uniparental disomy is when both members of a chromosome pair comes from one parent, while the chromosome from the other parent is lost. During anaphase in meiosis II, the chromosomes fail to split properly, which will cause two abnormal daughter cells. This is termed the anaphase lag where a gamete will end up with 47 chromosomes instead of 46 (Shaffer et al. 2001). Usually what will happen during meiosis is that one diploid cell will form two haploid daughter cells, and then those two daughter cells

Trisomy 21 also called Down syndrome, is an abnormality at a chromosome level and is believed to be the most prevalent genetic impairment (Bukato & Daehler, 2012, p. 89). Compared to other children with related mental development, a child with Down syndrome has academic impairment such as language and memory, their physical development is considered slow, and they possess unique traits. Some of these traits consist of almond shaped eyes, a flattened facial feature, broad hands, and an unusual crease

brown eye gene while the other parent hands down a recessive blue eye gene, the dominant gene will win out and the child will have brown eyes. A person’s sex is also determined in the womb. An individual inherits 23 pairs of chromosomes. Twenty- two of these pairs of chromosomes, called autosomes, contain most of the genetic information controlling highly individual characteristics like hair color, height, body shape, temperament, aspects of intelligence and also all those characteristics shared by

Essay 88: The Philadelphia Chromosome and Leukemia The so called Philadelphia chromosome is an abnormal chromosomal structure present in most cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and to a lesser extent in other types of leukemia, most notably acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The origin of the term Philadelphia chromosome simply reflects the fact that a research team first identified this abnormality in a blood sample from a leukemia patient in Philadelphia, PA. CML vs. Acute Leukemias

traits, interpret a karyotype, use punnett squares to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios, interpret a variety of patterns of inheritance, and analyzing a pedigree of phenotypes. A karyotype is an arranged picture of chromosomes. There are twenty-two pairs of homologous chromosomes in karyotype. Recombination and mutation are two genetic diversities. The sex cell has to be altered to be passed to the next generation. Crossing over is meiosis and variation. Independent assortment allows for great

To begin ,Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results when a person inherits all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur in a variety of ways, the causes of which are unknown. The most common chromosomal abnormality that produces Down syndrome (accounting for 95% of all cases) is Trisomy 21, a defect in which an extra, third copy chromosome is present in every cell in the body. According to Parenting Magazine the number of Down syndrome births is relatively low for 18-yr-old

very consistent doctor who followed many patients medical records. He diagnosed one of his patients with muscular dystrophy and then the disease picked up his name, due to his founding. The cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is by a gene on the X chromosome. It is mainly seen in boys and results in issues with the lower part of the body. This is a genetic disease that occurs at a very young age and is typically because of a genetic disorder. Males are born with one X and one Y

was the difficult for me. I already learned about some areas such as the amount of chromosomes, genotype, and phenotype. I was not familiar with the specific arrangements and the certain disorders that can occur. It was very interesting going over the karyotype chart. Even though a nurse does not analyze the karyotype chart, I tried to figure out the difference between the normal chromosomes and abnormal chromosomes. Certain charges are noticeable and others are not. Abnormalities that can occur are

Trisomy 13, or Patau Syndrome, is caused by the presence of three chromosome copies on chromosome 13. An extra copy of chromosome 13 causes the majority of cases. Some cases are caused by a Robertsonian translocation between chromosome 13 and other autosomes such as chromosomes 15, 21, and 22. According to Bishra & Clericuzio "Trisomy 13 is the third most common autosomal trisomy, with an incidence of 1 per 10,000" (Bishara & Clericuzio, 2008, p. 30). It is comprised mainly of defects of the