Council of Constance

The late Mrs. Constance Baker Motley , married to Mr. Joel Wilson Motley, was born on September 14, 1921 in New Haven, Connecticut. Out of twelve children , she was the ninth. Her parents were from the islands of Nevis from the West Indies. Mrs. Motley’s mother, Rachel Huggins , was a domestic or also known as a housewife. Everyone loved to be around her and enjoyed her company. Her father , McCullough Baker , was a chef for a well known and reviewed university , Yale University. Noting that she

Church • Section Overview o By the latter thirteenth-century, the Roman Catholic Church appeared to be extremely powerful.  Threat of Holy Roman Empire to Rome vanquished  The French king, Louis IX, was an enthusiastic supporter of the Church  Council of Lyons (1274) declared a reunion of the Eastern Church with Rome after the pope sent forces to defend the Byzantine Empire against the Turks (the reunion only lasted seven years) • The Thirteenth-Century Papacy o Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216)

The Great Schism During the late 14th century and the early 15th century there was a great division in the Catholic Church. The Papacy was becoming blurred. The center of the Roman Catholic Church had been moved from Rome to the city of Avignon during the reign of Pope Clement V; and there was now a movement to return the center of power back to Rome. This movement was first truly seen under Pope Gregory XI and his successor Pope Urban VI. Earlier Pope Urban V had moved the center to Rome

realized that there was now only one way, to go to a special church council empowered to depose of them both. In legal terms, only a pope was allowed to convene and dissolve a church council and the competing popes weren’t going to summon a council they knew

letter of Pope John Paul II, he has reiterated how the Eucharistic sacrifice is “the source and summit of the Christian life.” (2003) It will suffice to say, then, that transubstantiation is in the heart of the Roman Catholic religion. Moreover, the Council of Trent, Session 13, has bestowed a cursed to anyone

church due to 3 individuals each claiming papacy and accusing the others of heresy. There were significant reforms that occurred in the church due to this event. Initially, to solve the of having multiple popes an agreement was made at the Council of Constance to practice conciliarism. However, this concept was ultimately undermined by Pope Martin. The major result of the Great Schism was the growth of national churches. Before the Great Schism, the pope had more power over the rulers and their domains

people were split, the French people obviously followed the Pope from Avignon, while the Roman people followed to Pope in Rome. (http://www.thenagain.info) To try and end the schism a third Pope was chosen John XXII, shortly after in 1414, the Council of Constance received the resignation of Pope Gregory XII and dismissed the claims of the Avignon Pope, Benedict XII. Finally the election of Pope Martin V, ended the schism, he reigned from 1417-1431.

On October 11, 1414 Huss set out on his journey for Constance, he arrived on the third of November. On the fourth of November, the church doors announced that Michael from Deutschbrod would be Huss’s opponent. After a few weeks Michael successfully had Huss put in prison. Huss was stored in a canon until the

Europe went through a period of calamities during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Populations were wiped out and the church lost much of its power. The population of Europe faced two main crises during the early Renaissance period: the black plague and the Great Schism, and through their reactions, the Renaissance was allowed to flourish. The black plague, also known as the bubonic plague, swept its way across Europe beginning in 1346 A.D. , killing an estimated thirty to fifty percent

Beginning in 1347, Europe faced a series of crises such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, the Fall of Constantinople, and the Great Schism. Eventually, these crises would end and lead to a cultural revival. This cultural revival that Europe experienced was known as the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period that revived elements of the classical past, as well as introduced new forms of thought and expression. The Black Death, a fatal disease that struck Europe in the years 1344-52,