Covalent Bonds Essay

their positive and negative regions are attracted to the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. The force of attraction, shown in the diagram below as a dotted line, is called a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule is hydrogen bonded to four others. It is these hydrogen bonds and the

contain an extra/missing electron in their valence shells. Ions interact with other ions through ionic bonds. When the charge of an atom is positive then the ion is specifically known as a cation. An anion is a negatively charged ion. Since these ions have opposite charges, these cations and anions attract each other. Polar substances would interact with ions because when two or more atoms form a bond the resulting molecule will be either nonpolar or polar. The polar ions will be able to interact with

Lewis Structure shows how atoms in a covalent bond share electrons. Dots are used to show lone pairs of electrons, and lines symbolize bonds. This essay will explain how Lewis Structures are constructed. The first step is counting how many valence electrons there are. Determine the number of electrons that are in the outer shells of each atom. For example, H2O has 6 valence electrons in oxygen and 1 in hydrogen. Therefore, there are 8 total since there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

looking at valence electrons and how those valence electrons bond with other chemicals or substances. That method is called the Lewis dot structure. When Gilbert Newton Lewis was learning how to draw the Lewis dot structures, he actually found useful information on what element people were working with. In Lewis dot structures; there are important bits of information like electron location on where the electrons are the number or types of bonds, and perhaps the shape of the atom. In element bonding

Ionic bonds form by the nature of the atoms themselves. When the atoms chemically combine together, the atoms create a compound that has different properties. The electronegativity between the atoms in the bond determines what type it is. Atoms with higher electronegativity hold atoms more tightly than those with a lower electronegativity. Therefore, when two elements bond, they must fill each others orbitals to create a stable energy electron configuration. Each will have eight electrons in their

the Zr atom, the Zr atom does not have a filled valence shell. Lesson 2 4. NH3 5. a) HCN b) SOC3 -2 S = 6 O = 6 O = 6 O = 6 6 +18 +2 = 26 6. a) NH3 Hybrid orbitals b) HN3 sp3 = sigma bonds (4 bonding) c) Nitrogen has 5 electrons with 4 orbitals and 1 lone pair. The bond is different because Nitrogen has one lone pair and the lone pair results in a more negative pull

Diamonds Diamonds are commonly known for their stunning lustre, representing innocence and constancy. Not only do diamonds have tremendous admiration for their beauty and meaning, their unique chemical structure gains appreciation from scientists across the globe. The word diamond originates from the greek word adamas, which means indestructible. Provided diamonds are the hardest substance on the planet, the definition has significant reason (Helmenstine, n.d.). Having an estimated age of 3.2 billion

interactions, the weakest of the 4 bonds, occurs between nonpolar amino acids. These amino acids are not capable of hydrogen bonding or forming charge to charge interactions. The hydrophobic parts are kept on the inside of the watery environment of the cell pulling the protein into a tightly folded shape. Hydrogen bonds interaction is with polar or charged amino acids. This is one amino acid sharing hydrogen with another amino acid at its oxygen atom. This bond typically occurs between an oxygen

bonded carbon atoms. A covalent bond is a bond between two non-metals atoms. Two of these atoms are bonded to four others and form another hexagon and these other hexagons exist on all the sides of the first and off of each other. This would look like a sheet of hexagons that could then be "wrapped" into tubes. These tubes can be single walled (SWCNTs), and multi-walled (MWCNTs) depending on the number of layers they have. The carbon atoms in these nanotubes have S2P2 chemical bonds (Zhang 7). This means

bodily fluids. 11. A. Ionic bonds are “formed when elements give up their outermost electrons to another element or atom, resulting in an ion”, according to the Biological Molecules and pH lab. An example of this, is when one atom becomes a negatively charged anion from taking a negative electron from another atom, that other atom becomes a positively charged cation. These two atoms attract each other because they have now become oppositely charged. B. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms