Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 1 a. According to McKinley, O’Loughlin and Bidle (2015), the replication of cells in the cell cycle included two general phases which are Interphase and Mitotic phase. As for the Interphase, the stage of preparation of cell division, it is normally divided into three phases which are G1, S and G2 phases and this process take approximately 23 hours. Firstly, G1 phase is the stage that the cell occurs growth and preparation for the S phase which is DNA replication. After that, DNA molecule

Abstract: Although mitochondria and chloroplasts encodes handful of their own proteins, however, majority of their required proteins have to be synthesized in the cytosol and translocated into their correct destinations using specialized transporting networks: TOM/TIM complexes in mitochondria and TOC/TIC complexes in chloroplasts. Molecular chaperones play critical roles in facilitating functional competent-protein import from the cytosol to their correct destinations, utilizing catalytic motor

INTRODUCTION Over the last 30 years obesity has become a growing health crisis in the United States, to the extent that this generation will become the first in history to have shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. According to the Center for Disease Control, childhood obesity in ages 6-11 has doubled from 7% to 18% over the last 3 decades and adolescent obesity has more than quadrupled from 5% to 21% in the same time, in 2012 more than 30% of all children and adolescents in the U

Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Currently, there are two types of HIV isolated, HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are both retroviruses and able to perform reverse transcriptase (Leboffe 2011). While HIV-1 is spread throughout the world, HIV-2 is confined to West Africa and is better protective against the progression to AIDS. Genome of HIV-1 only contains nine genes. It is transmitted by body fluids such as blood, breast

My Research Question Is: What is the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Additional Questions to be Answered: 1. Why is Type 2 Diabetes an issue in our Community 2. What is the biology (science) behind Type 2 Diabetes First let’s establish what diabetes is. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses Glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. The body takes in and breaks down foods into glucose and others sugars that are needed to fuel the body functions. The Glucose level in

In 1960, renowned biologists Gorter and Grendel made a scientific breakthrough with their formulation of the phospholipid bilayer model, commonly referred to as the ‘fluid mosaic model’. Fifty years later, this structure remains the most valued proposed explanation of the composition of the surface membrane, and is highly regarded throughout the scientific community. Consequently, the general structure of the cell surface membrane is, at this point, considered highly understood. Cell surface membranes

Hereditary Alzheimer’s Disease Introduction In the year 2015 5.3 million people in the US will have Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Disease, also known as Presenile and Senile Dementia can have a genetic or environmental basis. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common form of a more general group of memory disorders known as dementia. What differentiates Alzheimer’s from Dementia is how quick the progression of symptoms is. Characterized by debilitating memory loss, confusion, comprehension and

1-phosphate (G1P) and depletes ATP to ADP, and is exergonic. Phosphoglucomutase converts G1P to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). In muscles G6P would enter the glycolytic pathway, however the liver must release glucose into the blood. G6P enters the endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells and is converted to glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase, after which it is released into the blood for adsorption by other cells. The glycolytic pathway consists of 10 steps divided into 2 phases: preparatory and pay-off. Step 1

functions.  The cell allows us to do our functions, while doing its own (Cobb, ed., 2009).  Inside cells, there are organelles that carry out functions for the cell to live.  They have many different kinds of organelles, such as the golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus ("Cellular Transport," 2009).  They all have different jobs to allow the cell to function, but the cell membrane  has a job that that is done in various different ways. Cell membranes are critical to transporting particles

levels of this protein are found in the Central Nervous System neurons and the testes. (pro) These proteins are also located in smaller amounts in the liver, lungs, and heart. Localization studies show that the protein appears in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi complex. (EJN) This protein has a very distinct portion called the polyQ stretch. (Cattaneo 2005 ) A polyQ stretch is made up of 34 or more glutamine residues. (Cattaneo 2005) This region is found in many transcriptional