FOXP2

The Evolution of Speech The purpose of this essay is to identify the evolutionary evidence of speech. The articles reviewed in this paper affirm the evidence of evolution of speech. Much is unknown about the evolution of speech, however, fossil evidence points to adaptations for speech appearing between 1.5 million and 500,000 years ago. Fossil evidence for the evolution of speech is shown in the earliest hominins to one of our well known ancestors, the homo erectus. There are differences between

actually read about the things that go on in our brain? I learned about three different genes and their roles in our life. While one helps us develop our brain from before we are even born, with the development of it all, to encoding our RNA. HRA1, FOXP2 and ASPM have played a major role throughout our whole lives without us even knowing. Evidence shows that chimpanzees are our closest relatives. They nearly have the same brain as ours, correspondingly the same organization and complexity. The similarity

Question Set A: 1. When we experience stress, how is the endocrine system activated? How does it become deactivated? The stress response involved the HPA-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. First, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal gland then secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate. The pituitary gland produces hormones that tell the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol, which is involved with the release of stored energy. The negative

iBioSeminars Summary Dr. Erich Jarvis, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor at the Duke University Medical Center and he studies vocal learning in animals, specifically mammals and birds. In this iBioSeminar, Dr. Jarvis provides insight into the science of vocal learning, including the neurological mechanisms that play a role in inducing this behavior. Initially, vocal learning is the process by which an organism hears a sound (typically units of language called morphemes) and is able to replicate that

basal western African population lineages (). Neanderthals, known as Homo neanderthalensis and modern humans not only are known to share similar DNA, but they also share a similar language. The FOXP2 gene is the first gene to be involved in the formation of speech and language (Lai et al., 2001). The FOXP2 gene was initially recognized as the genetic factor of a speech disorder in the KE family, who had developmental verbal dyspraxia (Feuk et al., 2006). This sequence variant is a G to T substitution

this topic with more success than in previous years. There is a record that supports the suggestion of Homo neandertal speech capabilities. Previous to the recovery of an intact middle paleolithic hyoid bone, the reconstructed vocal tract and the FOXP2 gene, the lack of evidence on the speech capabilities of Homo neandertals led most scholars to regard the topic as unsuitable for serious study

Brahic, Catherine. "Neanderthal Chefs Spiced Up Their Diet." New Scientist 226.3017 (2015): . Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.. This article Neandertal Chef’s Spiced up Their Diet debates what Neandertals ate in their daily life. Karen Hardy with the University of Barcelona found remnants of camomile in the teeth of a 50,000 year old skeleton in Spain. She debates whether the herbs in the teeth eaten were consumed for medicinal properties. Animals eat plants for medicinal properties

Anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals both have the FOXP2 gene that allows for speech (Smithsonian). Neanderthals and Homo-sapiens both share two mutations in the FOXP2 gene compared to the sequence in Chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are unable to speak, however, the variant that anatomically modern humans have allows us to speak: Neanderthals also had the FOXP2 variant that allows for speech. It is possible that the gene could have been passed between species

If a human damages or has a defect in this gene it is known to impair speech, which is the main reason why this gene is linked to being able to vocalise and/or affecting language. An experiment done on this with the FOXP2 gene can also add evidence to this theory; after mice were injected with this gene, although they didn't obviously start using speech, their vocal range and paralinguistics were noticeably enhanced, being sufficient evidence that this gene has some

The Middle Paleolithic period occurred between 100,000 and 40,000 years ago. It is most commonly associated with Mousterian culture, Neanderthals and early humans. Middle Paleolithic stone technologies saw a shift from core tools like the Acheulean Handaxe to flake tools, for example the Levallois point. These flake tools could be modified into simple or more complex tools. The most important difference between the Lower Paleolithic stone tools and the Middle Paleolithic stone tools is the fact that