Fuel efficiency

Title: The Global Financial Crisis and Protectionism Question: During 2008~2009 many developed nations gave subsidies to their automobile producers. How might this have distorted international trade? Was this a reasonable thing to do given the circumstances? Introduction There was an empirical research study on the effect of protectionism on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States (US). According to National Bureau Of Economic Research, “a generalized 10 percent hike against emerging

Single Variable Response (SVR) has been a methodology often used for qualitative analysis of the training results obtained from Evolutionary neural network (EvoNN) and Bi-Objective genetic programming (BioGP) [Pettersson et~al., 2007], [Jha et~al., 2015b]. In SVR, a style of variation is created by generating values between zero and one on time scale. The trend line is irregular, that is there are regions of constant values, sharp increases and sharp decreases in the line. This has been referred

can reflect all available information. After that, the EMH theory becomes one of the pillars of modern financial economics theory. Fama (1970) in a classic paper contributed a great deal to operationalize the concept of market efficiency. Fama defines three types of efficiency, each of which is based on a different notion of what type of information set is understood to be relevant in the phrase: “a market in which prices ‘fully reflect’ all available information is called ‘efficient’ ”. (Dr Andros

3.4 Experiments & results :- A. Benchmark Functions The most challenging issue in validation of an Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization (EMOO) algorithm is to identify the right benchmark functions with diverse characteristics such as multi-modality, deception, isolation and particularly location of true Pareto-optimal front in the surface to resemble complicated real life problems. Traditional benchmark functions [1], [2] usually have the global optimum lying either in the centre of the

The weak-form efficiency cannot explain January effect. In semi-strong-form efficient market, to test this hypothesis, researchers look at the adjustment of share prices to public announcements such as earnings and dividend announcements, splits, takeovers and repurchases. As time goes, later tests tend to be not supportive to EMH. For instance, semi-strong-form efficiency cannot explain the pricing/earning effect. In strong-form efficiency, the highest level of market efficiency, Fama (1991) pointed

Economics علم الإقتصاد: فرع من العلوم الإجتماعية الذي يبحث في كيفية استخدام الموارد المحدودة في إشباع حاجات إنسانية غير محدودة. التعريف السابق يشتمل العديد من العناصر على النحو التالي: 1. الاقتصاد هو علم إنساني اجتماعي. 2. يهتم بالموارد الإنتاجية (عناصر الإنتاج). 3. ويعالج الندرة والاختيار. 4. ويحقق أهداف المجتمع الاقتصادية. Micro vs Macro Micro: يهتم بالنشاط الاقتصادي للوحدات الاقتصادية الصغيرة او الفردية في المجتمع التي تتعلق بسلوك المستهلك او الفرد والمنشأة الفردية والمنتج الواحد

The main idea of market efficiency reflects that all the information which is associated with stock market is basically showing on the stock process in any time. It appears that the stock prices are unpredictable because the random changing of the new information affects it. Under the circumstance of that the French mathematician Bachelier (1900) first came up with the idea about that random information results to the unpredictable prices in marketing concept. After that Osborne (1964) brought a

Introduction The Efficient Markets theory has been a source of much controversy within both the academic and financial worlds. Eugene Fama first defined an “efficient” market as “a market where, given the available information, actual prices…represent very good estimates of intrinsic values” (1965, p.90). After Harry Roberts (1967) formed the “Efficient Market Hypothesis(EMH)”, Fama then went on to publish results that concluded the stock markets are efficient. Thus it is impossible to achieve

Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 0 (2017) 1?0 1 IOS Press A Region Division Based Diversity Maintaining Approach for Many-Objective Optimization Linqiang Pan a,c, Cheng He a, Ye Tian b, Yansen Su b, and Xingyi Zhang b,? aKey Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China, School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China E-mail: {chenghehust, lqpanhust}@gmail.com b Institute of Bio-inspired

D. Handoff schemes Handoff scheme refers to systematic and organized plans to handle handoff, including configuration of network, design procedure of handoff, and specific handoff process management. Based on certain criteria these schemes are categorized as : 1. Handoff schemes based on Prioritization: 1.1 Non Prioritization schemes: This Scheme [16] has been employed by the typical radio technologies proposed for the Personal Communication Systems (PCS) operating at the band of 2 GHz. This