Groundwater

sinkholes form when the land surface above collapses into subsurface voids. According to Younger (2007), “Natural subsidence is a widespread consequence of the collapse of subsurface voids, which in turn owe their existence to the erosive action of groundwaters” (p.178). While all sinkholes share the same characteristic of a surface depression, the origin of this depression can be

which results in the accelerated development of groundwater and land resources. Sinkholes are naturally occurring phenomena, but their increasing frequency throughout Florida correlates with the accelerated development of these resources (Tihansky, 1999, p.121). Together, Figures 1 and 2 visually display the correlation between Florida’s growing population and the increase in sinkhole development from 1960 to 2000. Anthropogenic factors such as groundwater pumping, combined with certain environmental

If the Valles outflow plume does exist further to the east than previously shown, and the JoFZ and CMFZ allow vertical leakage of the plume to shallow confined or perched aquifers, then it should be possible to see chemical tracers in the local groundwater in the Ponderosa and Jemez Pueblo areas. 3.2 Methods 3.2.1 Water Sample Description Fourteen water chemistry and stable isotope samples were collected from springs, streams, and wells from April to September, 2012 (Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2).

for this issue to join so many others under the theme of "Not-in-My-Backyard"-style public protests) were it not for the fact that the chemicals being pumped into the ground are not just limited to the veins they create, but in fact may seep into groundwater, contaminating it. These two issues, water contamination and the right to private property, are major sticking points when a company wishes to set up a rig near a human population close enough to be affected by it. In 2006, the state of Texas

necessity, mutual coercion mutually agreed upon, pathogenic effects of conscience. Closing some places of headwater or decrease the number of exploitation well to compress the exploitation to the range of mining compression to permitted groundwater recharge. Groundwater is a renewable resource. It can be recharged from Underground River, surface water penetration, and other underground resources. However, its recharge rate is very low. The rate of recharge depends on several outside sources, such as

Data werer taken from (1) Chen et al. 2002; Fung et al. 1999; (2) Mossman 1973; Walton 1988; (3) Al-Agha 1995; Shomar et al. 2004; (4) Haikel, Voegel, and Frank (1986). And also compared to critical limits of total F with 1000 mg kg-1 (Ozsvath 2009) and the critical limit of acid-soluble F with 150 mg kg-1 (Arnesen 1997), the F concentrations in the soils of the CDR area near Kaduna, Nigeria are, with respective average values of 160.5 mg kg-1 and 8.0 mg kg-1, within safe ranges. In summary

Chad, and Sudan, and is one of the largest (area: ~ 2 × 106 km2) groundwater systems in the world. Findings from the study include: (1) average annual precipitation was estimated at 77.5 mm (65 km3); (2) recharge rate was estimated at 2.79±0.99 km3/yr; given the annual extraction rate (~0.407±0.10 km3), recharge rate amounted to 3.2±1.00 km3/yr; and (3) the east-west trending Uweinat Aswan uplift impedes south-to-north groundwater flow and replenishment from the recharge area in the south. A cost-effective

through them and into the underlying aquifer for storage. Much of the sediment that makes up the aquifer consists of sand, silt, and gravel that were derived from runoff of the Rocky Mountains. Recharge is from precipitation, infiltration, and groundwater flow through the porous and permeable overlying lithologic unit to the aquifer. The High Plains Aquifer is situated within a semiarid climate producing a slower rate of recharge. Much of the Ogallala is located within an

Water is a necessity for human life and Earth’s environment. As the Earth’s population continues to grow we continue to strain the Earth for its water supply. Water pollution is when there is a biological change in the nature of the water biologically typically in a negative way. As water pollution began as natural causes through animals and other environmental issues as the increase in human activity over the years there was an expansion in water pollution. As the increase in contamination is obviously

problem by applying applicable technical knowledge and mathematical principles to solve water-related problems in civilization. These problems include the quantity, quality, and availability of water. The main task of the report is to evaluate the Groundwater resources and quality, the second part of this report is to evaluate the