In vivo

preparation, and fluorescence-based IC50 assays. The overall project is ongoing, and is now a portion of my master’s thesis. The other major project of my undergraduate career was investigating the effects of testosterone on T. gondii growth both in vivo and in vitro. Preliminary data produced by our lab had shown testosterone to have an effect on T. gondii growth in vitro. This effect was not confirmed, thus we proposed an experiment to test the in vitro effects on a larger scale, allowing statistical

Introduction Noonan syndrome, named eponymously for the pediatric cardiologist who first described it, is an autosomal dominant disorder (Gelb and Tartaglia, 2006). It affects 1 in 1,000–2,500 live births with no sex predominance, and is the most common syndromal cause of congenital heart disease, except for Down’s syndrome (Zaras, et al. 2015). This means that in order for the subject to obtain this order, he/she will have to inherit the mutated gene from at least one of their parents. Noonan syndrome

verify that there is a decrease in systematic leptin level, the researchers isolated primary adipocytes from HFD and CD fed mice and then determined ISLS in ex vivo. The result was that ISLS was significantly lower in primary adipocytes from HFD fed mice. This supports the hypothesis that impaired ISLS in HFD fed mice in vivo and ex vivo was dependent on PI3K/Akt activation. Furthermore, there is an essential role of PI3K/Akt in regulating ISLS in primary adipocytes as seen when blocking PI3K activity

Marine fish sustain an ionic equilibrium with seawater to keep their plasma around 350 mOsm/kg. The gills remove excess salts from the body (Evans et al., 2005), a process that indirectly causes water loss driven by the dehydrating effect of salinity. Therefore, water replacement by drinking becomes of absolute importance to sustain ion regulation (Fuentes and Eddy, 1997a). In addition to regulation by endocrine and environmental factors of the amount of water ingested (Fuentes et al., 1996; Fuentes

Kasandra Marzec Thomas/ 1B World Studies/ Honors November 19, 2014 Discussion of Animal Experimentation Research Animal experimentation has been the basis of human knowledge for the advancement of medical and biological breakthroughs as early as 200 C.E.. It has been estimated that more than 100 million animals are killed in U.S. laboratories alone for scientists’ tests. Organizations and laws have been formed to prevent harmful experiments from taking the lives of animals, however, scientists

The development of taxol and docetaxel into two of the worlds most important anticancer drugs (Taxol® and Taxotere®) has proven the stabilization of cellular microtubules to be a clinically relevant mechanistic principle. Microtubule stabilization thus also provides a promising conceptual framework for the future discovery of new and improved antitumor agents and this is not in the least reflected in the significant number of new agents (taxane and non-taxane based) that are currently undergoing

ts. For the experimental procedures, either a whole animal or its organs and tissues are used. For this purpose animals are euthanized (killed) by established methods. Many times, the animals surviving the clinical testing are euthanized at the end of an experiment to avoid the later pain and distress (Rusche, 2003). In some cases (for example in LD 50 analysis) animals die as a result of the experiment. The pain, distress and death experienced by the animals during scientific experiments have been

Rhizoma et Radix Notoperygii (Qianghuo in Chinese also name as Qiang Qing and Tui Feng Shi Zhe (Yang, A. (nd)) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine providing anti-rheumatic and pain-relieving herb in treating colds, rheumatism and headache (Yaping, W. & Huang, L.-F. 2015; Yang, A. nd; Namba,T., Gu, Z.-M., Zhou,G.-C., Wang,T.-Z.,Huo,M. and Komatsu,K.1995). Commercial names according to their appearance are “Chuan- qiang, Xi-qiang, Can-qiang, Zhu-jie-qiang, Da-tou qiang and Taio-qiang” (Yang

Animals have similar characteristics to humans in terms of their physical and psychological states, thus we have a moral obligation to free them from unnecessary pain. More ethical alternatives to animal testing are more cost-effective, quicker and more reliable. Contrary to what we might think, animals share similar characteristics with us in terms of their physical and psychological states. Jeremy Rifkin, author of twenty books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the society

Introduction Scientists who research the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases have experienced many complications in their work. In a field where one plus one rarely equals two, researchers have been work fervently to determine which cell types are responsible for, or at least involved in, autoimmune dysfunction. The main subject of study by Esposito et al. is the deleterious effects of chronic activation of proinflammatory cytokines. To this end, this team has sought to characterize and quantify