Inflammation

Inflammation is a rapid and complex reaction to an injurious agent that initiates a cascade of events which lead to vascular responses, neutrophil recruitment and activation, and multiple systemic reactions. The initiation of inflammation after an insult is exudation. Exudation is the localized hemodynamic changes that are critical to subsequent neutrophil emigration because selectin-mediated, low-affinity, endothelial adhesive interactions can only occur in the presence of shear forces exerted

1) Inflammation: Inflammation is the body’s response to an injury and an attempt at self-protection. It works to remove harmful substances such as damaged cells, irritants or pathogens. Signs of inflammation indicate that the body is trying to heal itself. There are two types of inflammation: acute and chronic. Acute inflammation is caused by a harmful bacteria or injury to tissue, whereas chronic inflammation is caused by non-degradable pathogens that cause persistent inflammation. Inflammation is

temperature which results in a complaint of fever (Rang et al., 1999) Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli. Pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function are primary signs of acute inflammation, chronic inflammation might lead to many diseases, such as hay fever, periodontitis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and even cancer(Abbas et al., 2009) The inflammation process involves a complex array of enzyme activation, mediator release

remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting. “Inflammation is a nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage” says J.Tortora & Derrickson (2011), it is an effort

Acute Inflammation The survival of all organisms requires that they eliminate foreign invaders, such as infectious pathogens, and damaged tissues. These functions are mediated by a complex host response called inflammation. Definition of inflammation Inflammation is fundamentally a protective response, the ultimate goal of which is to rid the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury (e.g., microbes, toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e.g., necrotic cells and tissues)

Inflammation can be the first response of living tissues to injury, infection or irritation (Saima Jalil, 2003) and could appear due to microbial infections, physical factors such as trauma, radiation and temperature, irritant and corrosive chemical substances, as well as tissue necrosis and hypersensitivity reactions. It is the most primitive protective response of the body to noxious stimulation and also a common pathophysiology of many different diseases (Yu, 2012). It is characterized by the

Inflammation is the body’s response to infections and tissue injury. The inflammatory response is orchestrated by the cells of the immune system, both from the “adaptive” branch (including T- and B-cells with the capacity to induce long-term memory of encountered pathogens, “immunisation”) and the “innate” branch (including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells etc., that are targeted against common pathogen antigens). Inflammation was first implicated in AD pathology and development

“Inflammation is a localized tissue response to injury. Inflammation produces local redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), heat (color), and pain (dolor). These are known as cardinal signs and symptoms of the inflammation. Sometimes a fifth is included: lost function (function laesa) (Martini, 2015, p. 801). The normal physiology of inflammation is its “response to a defense mechanism that evolved in higher organisms to protect them from infection and injury. Its purpose is to localize and eliminate

The inflammation response process: NB: The response is non-specific, attacking any & all foreign invaders. Upon injury, pathogens such as bacteria & viruses have a means to enter the body. The injured cells immediately release distress signals, damaged ‘Mast cells’ in the connective tissue release ‘histamine’, this influx of histamine in the site of injury immediately changes the behavior of the blood vessels within the region. Arterials open, while venules narrow resulting in increased blood flow

Chronic Inflammation Chronic inflammation characterized with a prolonged duration of inflammation. Chronic inflammatory response can occur as a failure of acute inflammation to resolve or insidiously as a low-grade response without any manifestations of a preceding acute reaction. If the signal inducing the acute inflammatory response is not eradicated as a result of either persistence of the injurious agent; facilitate transition into chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation also occurs when