Internet advertising services and affiliate networks

improvements over the next three years while increasing return on equity from current levels. This will be achieved by strengthening our position in Australia and New Zealand, growing in Asia and sharing common technology, processes, products and services that are designed with our customers in mind. ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1 2 ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014 CONTENTS Section 1 Section 3 Financial Highlights 5 Five Year Summary 196 Chairman’s Report 6 Principal

Pharmaceuticals: Merck Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Hiroshi Amari Working Paper No. 161 Working Paper Series Center on Japanese Economy and Business Columbia Business School December 1998 Columbia-Yale Project: Use of Software to Achieve Competitive Advantage PHARMACEUTICALS: MERCK Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Prepared by Hiroshi Amari Research Associate, Yale University William V. Rapp and Hugh T. Patrick Co-principal

Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2 Suggested Solutions to Questions and Problems 1. P.V. Ltd. Income Statement for Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 286.36) $28.64 P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash Shareholders’ Equity $315.00 Opening balance Net income $286.36 28.64 Capital Asset Present value 0.00 $315.00 $315.00 Note that cash includes interest at 10% on opening cash balance of $150

Table of Contents I.) INTRODUCTORY PRINCIPLES 2 A.) Efficiency and Other Concepts 2 B.) Agency and Partnership Law 2 II.) INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE FORM 16 A.) Formation and Structure 16 B.) Debt, Equity, and Valuation 22 III.) CONTROL OF CORPORATE DECISIONS 32 A.) The Role of the Shareholder 32 B.) Management Obligations 50 1.) Duty of Care 51 2.) Duty of Loyalty 56 3.) Duty of Fairness: Parent-Subsidiary Relationships 63 4.) Duty of Good Faith 64 5.) Management Obligations