Maxwell's equations

INTRODUCTION Maxwell’s Equations are a set of four mathematical equations that provides the foundation to the largely abstract concepts of electricity and magnetism. They are a mathematical condensation of all the basic rules, by which electricity and magnetism function. Refer to Figure 1 for the equations. Although James Clerk Maxwell himself only contributed to the last equation, his contribution led to one of the most important discoveries in the history of science. However, it wasn’t until 25

effect could be understood by investigating the optical performance of photonic crystals. In this paper, photonic bandgap calculations are performed for two dimensional photonic crystals using matlab. Plane wave expansion method is used to solve Maxwell’s equations. The effect of lattice constant and refractive index is investigated. Introduction Photonic crystals are special class of optical media with periodic modulation of refractive index by arrangement of dielectric material. They respond to light

Another interesting point to note is that it is not so difficult to modify and symmetrise Maxwell’s equations if monopoles are ever observed to exist. The zero on the right hand side of Maxwell’s second equation (div B = 0) is simply replaced with the density of the magnetic charge, a term similar to that of the density of electric charge that occurs on the right hand side of the first of Maxwell’s equations (relating the divergence of the electric field to the density of the electric charge). In

is the Maxwell Equations. The Maxwell equations are equations explaining electromagnetism and how it works. These equations were formed by different equations and experiments. According to (Gale, 2001, WWW)Albert Einstein James Clerk Maxwell “”set the platform for physics and future scientists.” Maxwell’s theories were opposite from what other people thought. Maxwell´s theories also didn't have a lot of mistakes but there were quite a few mistakes in the velocity area. Maxwell’s theories brought

Theory of Relativity was created in a single year. The development of the Quantum Theory began in 1887 when a German physicist, Heinrich Hertz, was testing Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetic Waves. Hertz discovered that ultraviolet light discharged certain electrically charged metallic plates, a phenomenon that could not be explained by Maxwell’s Wave Theory. In order to explain this phenomenon termed the

shielding efficiency of fabrics are used to characterize the performance of fabrics against electromagnetic radiation. Shielding tapes with a thickness of 10µm we placed at a distance of 0.5 meters from the electromagnetic source. Originating from Maxwell's equations, the efficiency of the shielding represents the Faraday principle. The shielding material considers a

Metamaterial Cloaking Soumay Gupta1 and Tanvi Sharma1 14116067 14116070 1 E&C Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Abstract Metamaterials have been a subject of increasing interest due to their ability to manipulate the flow of EM waves. We analyse the mechanism by which metamaterials are able to exhibit this property which is exploited to develop the Harry Potter-esque invisibility cloaks. We briefly discuss the whole new branch of optics called “Transformation

1. A) Part of the wave might penetrate it or it might not. This would be random and would depend on the energy of the electron attempting to penetrate. B) The pattern that initially seemed random would begin to acquire uniformity. Half of the electrons would transmit and half would reflect and go back. Each of the electrons that transmitted would carry its complete charge and mass. C) One cannot say where the electron really is, whether a given electron will transmit or reflect. It is only possible

The Earth’s magnetic field The discovery of the Earth’s magnetic field Over 2000 years ago, the Chinese discovered that lodestone, a naturally magnetised iron ore, would align itself in a north-south direction. Hundreds of years later, they discovered that their “compasses” didn’t point true north and in fact that this position changed with time. The compass was first used for navigation in the 11th-12th century, only arriving in Europe towards the end of this period. Then, in 1600, William

Applications of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetism involves the overall performance of electric charges in different media, including in vacuum and in specific matter. This conduct can be precisely portrayed by the Lorentz Transformation equations and and Maxwell 's conditions, which were obtained from trials demonstrating how forces acting on charges rely on upon the relative areas and movements of different charges in its vicinity. Extra significant laws of physical sciences incorporate Newton