morale but had physical impacts such as in the battle of Custoza where the Papal States and Naples withdrew their troops in favour of their own interests. Furthermore, the divisions between the revolutionaries were accentuated when the Roman Republic was declared in favour of the Pope being the leader of the Papal States. The previous Pope, Pius IX had fled to Naples after not being able to declare war on a fellow Catholic state and continued to work with a constitutional government until his flight
Lombardy and Venice. Also, the land still belonged to the Pope and not the government which meant that it did not really belong to everyone and didn’t symbolize unification. The last problem is there is an existence of many independent states which means there were states ruling themselves. One of the major people involved in the unification of Italy is Giuseppe Mazzini.
Mazzini's Ideas and Inspiration and Attitudes to Change in Italy in 1830s Introduction Guisseppe Mazzini was born in piedmont in Genoa; was a son of a doctor and a professor. He was a depressive and physically frail. In the revolutions of 1820 he became a nationalist. He tried two occupational directions, Medicine but became bored and kept fainting as well as Law that didn't interest him. In 1827 he amalgamated (joined) the Carbonari but was disappointed. In
to be king, he cooperated with the pope. In support of the Church, Pepin agreed to fight the Lombards, who had invaded central Italy and threatened Rome. Pepin forced the Lombards to accept the independence of Rome, marking the beginning of the Papal State and finally conquered Aquitaine.Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army behind him. Pepin’s rising power fascinated Byzantine rulers and in an effort to forge
country divided into eleven independent states, excluding the tiny principalities and the Republic of San Marino. So Italy was not unified after the Congress of Vienna due to a number of reasons, such as the foreign influence of the Central European Powers, parochialism within the states, the lack
Garibaldi went to the USA, Austria backed out of the war therefore handing Lombardy to Sardinia. Treaty of Zurich ends northern Italy tension. Tuscany, Modena, and Parma seek annexation by Sardinia. Italy was scattered during the 1850s but came together in the 1860s and 70s to really become a world power. Piedmont became the unlikely unifying power of Italy. Victor Emmanuel II was the driving force. Sardinia fought against Russia in the Crimean war and won. Sardinia was overall different because
the content would’ve dry and not as interesting. The dialogue had a lot of witty comments in it such as when Genius exclaimed, “Only listen to the bragging of the beast!” as a response to Julius talking about how he “[brought] goodly sums into the papal
It is of interest to note that Napoleon III had been a member of the secret Carbonari society in the Papal States and elsewhere during 1930-1931, which sought to win liberal, constitutional and national reform. This coupled with the fact that foreign action in support of Italy would also win him support at home and that his attempted assassination involved
The pope feared Italian nationalism as he didn't want to lose control over the states of the church and also the money the church created through taxation and pilgrms. The pope also opposed Italian Nationalism as he felt sympathetic towards the Habsburgs and the Bourbons as they were the rulers of southern Italy and the two most powerful
Albert seems to be successful in uniting the states of Italy to strengthen his campaign, for example, by joining Lombardy and Venetia with Piedmont and merging their armies into one in 1848, and aiding the rebels in Lombardy, his poor leadership effected the outcome of the 1848-9 Revolutions. Albert was uncomfortable with non-Piedmontese revolutionaries and made them swear an oath of loyalty to Piedmont, nor would he accept volunteers from other states in his army. This lack of unity hindered his