Proportional tax

The current winner-take-all system is serviceable, but it is prone to polar inversions due to its bipartisan nature. Neither party adequately represents the values of most Americans. Worse, is the fact that most of the votes that go toward an independent or third party candidate are essentially wasted, discouraging voters from selecting such candidates. It is a system which generally makes it difficult for smaller parties to gain influence, and which rarely provides accurate representation to the

is unfair because it is disproportionate, much of the population goes unrepresented, and it creates false majority governments that govern with absolute power. It should be abolished, and replaced with a system called Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP). MMP is a proportional representation system used in many countries such as Germany, New Zealand, and Scotland. Under MMP, a voter has two votes on election day. The first vote works just like the current system, so that it goes to electing an MP to represent

University Electoral Reform and What it Would Mean for Aboriginal Peoples Canadian politics still operate under the outdated First Past the Post electoral system. Many believe that it is time for Canada to change its electoral system to a Proportional Representation system. This would be especially beneficial for Aboriginal peoples, as they remain severely under-represented and discriminated by the First Past the Post system. This essay will argue that the current First Past the Post electoral

judgement of whether the Conservative party should advocate or oppose the respective system, in addition to ordering the preferences of the following systems. To begin with, the main alternatives, in terms of electoral reform, are mixed-member proportional (MMP) and preferential or ranked ballot where the former has proportionality as the formula and the latter usually has majority as the threshold. In addition, there is also the current electoral system, the first-past-the-post system (FPTP), which

Why do voters vote the way they do? A voter can be defined as an individual who votes, or has the right to vote, in elections. Voting behaviour is explained using the concepts of expressive voting and strategic voting. A rational voter would act more strategically, that is, the voter would vote to produce an election outcome which is as close as possible to his or her own policy preferences, rather than voting on the basis of party attachment, ideology, or social group membership (expressive voting)

representation maintained, but MMP also introduces a system where proportionality and equal representation also takes precedence (“Mixed Member Proportional Representation Explained”). It should be noted that certain parts of Canada have attempted to usher in electoral reform in the past. Alas, when various types of reform, including mixed member proportional and single transferable vote, were proposed to voters in

The Spanish electoral system in 2015: the new playing field Introduction Although the Spanish Constitution defines the nation 's electoral system as proportional, it allows for different degrees of proportionality in the electoral law, and in practice the d 'Hont formula is the method used to convert voters into seats. Therefore, according to Duverger’s law, one would expect more than two parties playing a role in national politics. However, the Spanish political landscape has been traditionally

are 58 countries around the world that use the first past the post voting system including; The United States, Canada, India, Bangladesh and many others. Most European countries do not use the FPTP system and have instead opted for the system of proportional representation, which means that the distribution of seats in their parliaments directly correlates with the percentage of the vote that each political party receives. This essay will look at the political consequences of the first past the post

Democratization and Afghanistan: Changes Needed to Stabilize Afghan Democracy Executive Summary: In 2001, the Bonn agreement laid out the framework for a democracy in Afghanistan, however, the transition to democracy has been met with many challenges. The establishment of a bicameral legislature, popularly elected president, and the restoration of civil liberties showed hope for democratization, but the institutions established in the country fail to provide the stability needed for Afghanistan to

amendments (Norris, 1997: 297). Maurice Duverger in 1946 stated the effects of the electoral system and after analysis formulated three sociological laws. He concluded that a majority vote with a one-ballot formula leads to a two-party system, proportional representation tends to multipartism and a majority vote with a two-ballot formula contributes towards a multiparty system and promotes the forming of coalitions (Duverger, 1972: 23). Through the consequences of “under-representation” and “polarisation”