Repair Essay

The most spectacular discovery about Deinococcus radiodurans, the first poly-extremophile bacterium, is that it has developed an incredible amount of unexplainable resistance to radiation. It has remarkable DNA repair mechanisms which cannot be explained just by examining the genome and research seemingly yields no concrete data regarding what infers the resistivity against ionizing radiation. It can withstand at least a thousand times more radiation than a human can, in addition to UV radiation

repaired through distinct mechanistically set pathways, as shown in figure 1, such as Homologous recombination repairs (HRR), Non-end joining homologous repair (NHEJ) and more recently discovered Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). HRR uses a homologous template to accurately repair the broken strand, whereas NHEJ relies on Ku proteins (Fnu et al., 2011) and DNA ligase to repair DNA double strands, often times causing small insertions or deletions at the joining site. MMEJ, a more recent finding

The first step in determining if you need home roof repair is to check for leaks and signs of problems that result in leaks. We often do not notice the roof of our homes until a problem occurs. A better approach would be to regularly inspect your home to stop the problem before it happens. The old adage "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" applies in a big way to the condition of a roof! Take the time and effort to keep watch over the system that is responsible for protecting you and

permanent change in your DNA sequence which in turn can affect any part of your body. There are three main types of mutations that could happen in your genes which have been seen to cause cancer. They are oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes. Oncogenes is the result of when an proto-oncogene mutates. Proto-oncogenes is a gene that “codes for proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation” (lecture

DSBs may lead to an increase in the recombination of genes in chromosomes, which may explain how the cells are mutated. In one experiment, cells were exposed to x-ray radiation in order to test the frequency of DSB. H2AX is a type of proteins that repairs double-strand breaks

Deinococcus radiodurans is a member of the bacteria kingdom, belonging to the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, and more specifically, the Deinococus genus. It is spherical in shape, and approximately 1.5 to 3.5 µm in diameter. It is usually found in tetrad formation: where four individual cells stick together. D. radiodurans isn 't known the cause any diseases, nor does it form endospores, and it stains gram positive. It is non-motile, and an obligate aerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. What makes D. radiodurans

therapy of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) have been revealed to provide an alternative therapy for cancers that involve mutations in the genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. These two genes are involved in repair of double stranded break (DSB). When either gene is mutated, the change can lead to errors in DNA repair that can cause cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that have been recently recognized as critical regulators of cell survival and cell

Name of disorder To be given the diagnosis of Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) would be a life changing moment for the individual, along with the family. This genetic disorder, which is also known as Kaposi Disease, Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Variant Type XP-V and XP, is a rare genetic disorder. This disorder causes extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light, it was first described in 1874 by Hebra and Kaposi. The diagnosis comes at a very early age of life with the symptoms including excessive freckling

Catalases and superoxide dismutases have been shown to get upregulated during postirradiation recovery in Deinococcus radiodurans. Deinococcus accomplishes its resistance to radiation by having multiple copies of its genome and rapid DNA repair mechanisms. It usually repairs breaks in its chromosomes within 12–24 hours through a 2-step process. First, D. radiodurans reconnects some chromosome fragments through a process called single-stranded annealing. In the second step, a protein mends double-strand

G1 is the first growth phase of the cell cycle.In G1, the cell prepares to undergo cell division. The cell still performs all of its normal functions, but starts to get bigger. The cell then begins to make a copy of the cell parts (organelles). It also begins to produce RNA and synthesize proteins to get ready to divide. Tumor suppressor genes in normal cells act as braking signals during phase G1 of the cell cycle, to stop or slow the cell cycle before S phase. However in comparison, If tumor-suppressor