Severe acute respiratory syndrome

percent in ventilated. Pneumonia and sepsis are considered as leading trigger of ARDS as pneumonia represent in up to 60% of patients and may be either causes or complications of ARDS and according to literature approximately 30% of patients with severe sepsis may develop ARDS or ALI. Other triggers include aspiration, circulatory shock, mechanical ventilation, smoke inhalation, trauma especially pulmonary contusion major surgery, massive blood transfusions, drug reaction or overdose, fat emboli

Trauma was the major cause of mortality and morbidity till last 2 decades but after that there have been major improvements in management and resuscitation of trauma patients. This does not imply only to emergency care but also ICU management. It is well established that there is trimodal distribution of death in trauma patients. First peak is within seconds to minutes because of head or cervical spine injury or to injury to major blood vessel and much cannot be done about this. The second peak occurs

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder that affects newborns. RDS rarely occurs in full-term infants. The disorder is more common in premature infants born about 6 weeks or more before their due dates. It usually develops in the first 24 hours after birth. RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant. Surfactant is a liquid that is produced from the alveolar type two cells and coat the inside of the lungs. It breaks up the

Used To Save Lives? Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical found in our atmosphere, it is colorless, odorless, nonflammable, liquid soluble, and oxidises to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) when mixed with oxygen. Nitrogen dioxide when inhaled is a harsh respiratory irritant that can cause a fatal form of pulmonary edema and tissue hypoxia. NO is produced by combustion of fossil fuels by power plants, released by automobile engines, found in tobacco smoke and made naturally from lightning in thunder storms

During mechanical ventilation, patients are at risk of injuries to their lungs caused by improper settings on ventilators. Mechanical ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) can affect the lung in several ways. Some of the ways the lung become affected is by excessive pressure, excessive volume, and not enough volume. When the lungs are affected by excessive pressure its termed pulmonary barotrauma. On the other hand, if the lungs receive too much volume it’s called volutrauma. However, when the lungs

Case Study Three 1. What is the definition of ARDS? Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. More fluid in your lungs means less oxygen can reach your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is also known as shock lung, wet lung, post perfusion lung and a variety of other names related to specific causes. What are the associated

damage cell walls and lead to bronchial edema, desquamation of epithelial cells, erosions and localized necrosis, and induces an inflammatory response of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.2 • The health effects of chlorine inhalation depend on chlorine concentration(mild/moderate vs sever) and duration of exposure( acute vs chronic) • After exposure to chlorine greater than 15 PPM, The effect may be immediate or delayed for several hours or days.4 • Concentrations greater than 430 PPM are fatal

1. A physician is called to the intensive care unit to provide care for a patient who received second- and third-degree burns over 50 percent of his body due to a chemical fire. The patient is in respiratory distress and is suffering from severe dehydration. The physician provides support for two hours. Later that day the physician returns and provides an additional hour of critical care support to the patient. 2. A 23-month-old infant with a heart condition presented to the ED. The physician examined

Gas Exchange Gas exchange is defined as the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells (Giddens, 2013, p.161). Gas exchange in the human body occurs in the lungs and as the primary function of the respiratory system, it exchanges two gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The process of gas exchange happens as we breathe through ventilation, transport and perfusion. As you inhale oxygen, the oxygen travels deep into the lungs until it reaches the alveoli

privacy. Pathophysiology J.C. was admitted to the floor with a diagnosis of pneumonia with sinusitis. According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, and Harding, pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, and Bucher, 2014, p.