Solid

Introduction Solid substances that contain impurities may be purified in a series of steps. The process known as recrystallization allowed for purification to occur. The solubility and melting point of the substances are accounted for certain substances to be dissolved in certain solvents. The melting point is a certain temperature at which a given substance, in this case a solid, is melted. The melting point of benzoic acid and naphthalene in this experiment are needed to understand at which temperature

when they are finished, by the yield or recovery of the target product or solid. Also melting point can be tested to determine purity in a compound. Most times these chemicals are not completely pure so they can be recrystallized to remove the impurities. The technique of recrystallization learned and utilized in this lab works best to remove contaminates from nonvolatile organic solids.1 A solvent is used that dissolves the solid at room temperature and then the impurities can be removed via pipette

Investigating the Determining Characteristics of Cations and Anions  Chem 111 Sec 560  Introduction:  The  purpose  of  this lab was  to study  the specific  characteristics  of cations  and anions,  and  ultimately  to  be  able  to  identify  an  unknown  substance  based  on  our  studies and  tests using the  logic trees  developed through the experiment.  A logic tree  is  a graphical display  of the findings from  this  lab  which,  through  a  series  of  yes/no   questions,  elimination 

3°C of each other. After, we placed a test tube containing frozen solid pdB in hot tap water recording the temperatures of the pdB and the water every 30 seconds until they were within 3°C of each other. To finish the experiment, we graphed our data in one graph. The graph showed, and also what we observed in the lab, that when the water and the pdB were close to being within 3°C of each other, there were signs

final stages of fully dissolving the ethanol with the unknown, the unknown started to crystallize quickly, therefore, no ice bath was needed. After the unknown air dried, it was clear, soft, flaky, and it looked like ice. In terms of purity of the solid, recrystallization worked because it dissolved both the impurities and the compound within ethanol. The impurities were removed and the pure solution was left behind after being filtered. In terms of yield, recrystallization worked because there was

IntroductionThe complex and interesting optical properties can be shown clearly on Nanostructured metals the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons termed plasmons lead to most striking phenomenon encountered in these structures are resonances . Plasmon modes number of geometries and in various metals ? most importantly in noble metals such as gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances are excited by light, which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement

and 0.165 mL acetic anhydride and was added to the conical vial. A spin vane was placed into the vial and an air condenser was attached. Heating: The mixture was heated at 120°C using an aluminum block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved, it was heated for 20 additional minutes to ensure the reaction was complete. Isolation of Crude Acetaminophen: The vial was removed from the heat and cooled to room temperature. The spin vane was rinsed with 2-3 drops of warm water

initial phase was a solid, the water used was ice. After being heated for around seven minutes, the solid ice had another phase change, it became a liquid, just water. At around twenty four minutes of being heated, the water finally boiled in order to change into a gas. The data we collected shows the increase in temperature as the phases changed. Antoine Lavoisier₁ was a French chemist who first wrote about these phase changes. He described the three different types of phases as “solid like stones...fluid

Abstract Introduction This lab revolves around precipitate it reactions. The precipitate reactions happen when it had cations (positive atoms) and anions (negative atoms) in aqueous solutions combined to form an insoluble ionic solid, which is called a participate. In order for these reactions to occur they must be Aqueous and this can be determined by using solubility rules. Predicting these reactions a sign test to find out which ions are present in a solution. Double displacement reactions are

1. What is a mineral, as geologists understand the term? How is this definition different from the everyday usage of the word? • To a geologist, a mineral is naturally occurring solid, formed by geologic processes that have a crystalline structure and a definable chemical composition. Its internal structure characterized by an orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline lattice. Almost all minerals are inorganic, for instance, sugar is an organic chemical in which is made by