urinary tract infection essay

University of Maryland Practice Problem Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), specifically those involving multi-drug resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as higher cost of healthcare and longer length of hospital stays for patients. Each year, millions of people acquire infections while receiving care, treatment, and services in hospitals and other

Table of Contents Abstract 2 Scenario 2 Background Information 3 Citrobacter Freundii 3 Classification 3 Infections and diseases. 4 Anti-biotic rings 5 Streptomycin 5 Chloramphenicol 5 Penicillin g 5 Tetracycline 5 Ampicillin 6 Sulphatriad 6 Aim 7 Proposed Questions/ hypothesis 7 Apparatus 8 Assumptions and Effects 8 Procedure 9 Safety 10 Results 11 Discussion 13 Significant questions resolved. 13 Problems/ future recommendations 14 Scenario Evaluation 14 Conclusion 15 Reference List 16 Appendix

sometimes when people go to hospitals they get other infections/disease different from what they had gone in for. They go home well and healthy and few days or weeks later, they discover that they have contacted an infection resulting from their stay in the hospital. The infection can also start during their stay at the hospital. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1 in 20 hospitalized patients will have a hospital-acquired infection (HAI), contributing to longer hospital stays

antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of developing superficial SSIs, deep SSIs or organ space SSIs. The patients received postoperative antibiotics were significantly more likely to sustain a postoperative urinary tract infection (P=0.03), increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (P =0.01) and postoperative diarrhea (P = 0.02) while showing higher rates of both readmission (P= 0.08) and reoperation (P = 0.07) (Table 3) with a significantly longer postoperative length of stay (2.6 vs 1

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae is an important Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that cause a wide variety of clinical infections, ranging from septicemia to meningitis. The reported lethality of severe S. agalactiae infections is ranging from 4 to 6% in the United States. Of note, it has been suggested that the incidence of neonatal disease is considerably greater than reported, because the requirement for positive cultures from blood or cerebrospinal fluid may underestimates the true burden of

bacteria can cause bloodstream infections (bacteremia), pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, and bone and joint infections. In babies, this bacteria can cause sepsis, pneumonia, and sometimes neonatal meningitis (Fox). Strep. agalactiae lives harmlessly inside the digestive system or female genitals of its host. However group B Streptococcus can be sexually transmitted to newborns from the mother through the amniotic fluid. In newborns, it can cause an infection that will leave the baby unresponsive

Clinical Features Pneumonia is the cardinal clinical manifestation of Legionella infection. Legionella is typically rated among the most commonly identifiable pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immunocompetent individuals and is also a frequent cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Suspicion should be increased in patients who are smokers, those with chronic lung disease and immunocompromised individuals. [1,2 I] Extrapulmonary manifestations are extremely rare, though in immunosuppressed

crucial because adverse side effects of some medications can imitate other problems such as confusion, incontinence, urinary retention, and falls which may cause a physician to prescribe another medication to help treat those symptoms. The Beers criteria is a list of drugs that may be inappropriate for elderly patients as the risks outweigh the benefits, an example is the use of urinary anticholinergic which could prevent one episode of incontinence every 48 hours but can cause constipation, dry mouth

A major shift regarding care delivery at a macrosystem level is occurring within the organization. The system is working towards a health model, rather than a medical model. In addition, the medical home model, in which a primary care provider (PCP) provides coordination of care for patients’ across the continuum, utilizing evidence based medicine is in the works. The medical home model assures continuity of care via coordination by the PCP. Furthermore, through the utilization of the medical home

bacteria infections by killing or injuring the bacteria, however, some may become resistant. One way to fight organisms is by using a broad-spectrum antibacterial that targets both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. (Burcham1086). Gram-positive bacteria consist of a thick cell wall and are susceptible to antibiotics while gram-negative bacteria are more resistance due to their thin, bulletproof like wall. (Schaalje1). Fluoroquinolones are used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections because