5 Facet Mindfulness

Mindfulness training teaches the teen with a mood disorder, how to use their own natural ability to consciously bring balance to their emotions. It gives them a choice, by teaching them to pause and process the emotion, and it gives them back sense of control. Evidence supports that mindfulness is an effective tool in treating mood disorder symptoms. Professor Filip Raes conducted one of the first studies to examine mindfulness in a large sample in a school-based setting. The study included 400 students ages 13-20, using a randomized controlled design. The results suggest that mindfulness decreased symptoms in students and possible protects against recurrence of symptoms later (Reas, Griffith, Gucht, & Williams, 2013). A similar study was done by Luis Carlos Delgado Pastor at the University of Granada. The study established that mindfulness training is effective in improving rates of anxiety, depression, complaints about health and emotional regulation (2009). According to Dr. William R Marchand, extensive reviews are showing convincing evidence that mindfulness-based practices combined with conventional interventions are effective in treatment in psychiatric symptoms and states that MBSR and MBCT have "broad-spectrum" effects against depression and anxiety (2012).

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is one of the most prevalent treatments used with clients suffering from MDD, although this is sometimes combined with medication for better treatment results. CBT is derived from Aaron Beck’s cognitive approach to treating depressed individuals, the model suggest that depression develops when individuals develop negative thoughts about themselves, world, and future (Para, 2008). Negative schemas or thought process can occur early in life in the events of stressful life experiences; these thought patterns are then revealed later in life during certain situations. CBT’s goals are to reduce the automatic negative thoughts and actions when experiencing stressful life situations. In CBT clients are taught to examine carefully their thought processes while they are depressed and taught to recognize depressive errors in thinking (Barlow and Durand, 2009). Between sessions clients are instructed to monitor and log their thought

Relapse prevention therapy involves employing cognitive behavioral techniques to reduce the recurrence of relapse. One approach to relapse prevention is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), which was designed to reduce rates of relapse based on systematic training in mindfulness meditation combined with cognitive behavioral therapy methods. MBCT is an 8-week group therapy intervention that consists of 8 to 15 patients per group and sessions typically lasted 2 hours over 8 consecutive weeks with four follow-up sessions in the following year. MBCT for depression also teaches people to become more aware of their thoughts and feelings contributing to recurring depressive episodes.

These objectives are based on CBT, strength-based/solution-focused theories and person-centered way of being. To facilitate the process, a key first step in CBT often involves psychoeducation to explain that thoughts underlie feelings and actions. Through evaluating thinking in a more realistic way, the clients are guided to develop more adaptive and positive ways of responding to the situations and triggers in their lives and experience improvement in their emotional state and behavior. Some of the major experiential strategies, skills, and techniques utilized in CBT are re-framing and Socratic questioning, which help clients challenge their thinking and assess their beliefs in terms of their usefulness and relevance (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2013). Other powerful methods that would intersect with person-centered approach is daily diary keeping of events, thoughts, and feelings, which helps people increase awareness of their inner and outer experiences. By using other CBT techniques such as modeling and role-playing (e.g., interviewing), counselors assist clients in learning new skills and behaviors to function more effectively. Finally, by learning relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing, the client gains skills to manage stress and anxiety, and appreciate that whatever thoughts come up are okay and that he does not have to react to

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2009) and Royal College of Psychiatrist (2013) recommend Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) as the most effective evidence-based psychological treatment for depression. A mental-analyses study by Butler et al (2006) demonstrates that CBT is efficacious for correcting a wide range of disabling conditions such depression. Beach and Gupta (2003) adhere to this stating that there is good evidence that CBT, Interpersonal and systemic psychological treatment interventions are efficacious in treating depression. Despite CBT effectiveness in the treatment of depression, Carr and McNulty (2007a) stipulate that CBT is not a cure-all therapy and hence assessment of patients is encouraged at the outset of the appointment to determine patient’s eligibility for treatment.

Mindfulness practice and principles were originally founded on traditions seen cultures throughout history; however, these programs allow individuals to effectively adopt the training and practice of mindfulness without having prior knowledge of these traditions (Group, 2006). Therapeutic techniques that are based on mindfulness have had increasing popularity over the years due to positive publications supporting such practices. Clinicians have also grown interest in this field and we are seeing more integration of mindfulness-based therapies into their therapeutic

Meditation teacher and author Sylvia Boorstein states that mindfulness is having " the aware, balanced acceptance of present experience. It is not more complicated than that. It is opening to or receiving the present moment, pleasant or unpleasant, just as it is, without either clinging to or rejecting it."

Laps. According to Segal (2010) the use of mindfulness based cognitive therapy was effective at treating depressive symptoms, and by itself did offer some protection from relapse. This is also true of subjects who were using antidepressants, they saw positive results in treating their depressive symptoms. However, the study concludes that if both were employed in unison, not only would the client be more likely to experience cessation of depressive symptoms, but will have the most protection from relapse. In another study, Bucketing (2010) tested the effectiveness of three forms of cognitive therapy, including: acute cognitive behavior therapy, continuation cognitive therapy, and sequential cognitive behavior therapy. In this particular study, all three forms of therapy saw promising results in treating depressive symptoms and preventing their

Mindfulness is the word commonly use in meditation practice in Buddhist psychology. Two increasingly popular therapeutic practices using Buddhist mindfulness techniques are Jon Kabat-Zinn's Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR), (Kobat Zinn, 1990) and Marsha M. Linehan's dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), (Linehan, 1993). Other prominent therapies that use mindfulness include mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), (Segal Mark, 2002, Williams, Teasdale, 2002) and Steven C. Hayes’ Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). (Hayes, Steven, Kirk, Kelly, 2003). Chris Mace mentioned about mindfulness based stress reduction; the technique was developed for use in general hospitals with patients suffering from conditions that may be painful chronic, disabling or terminal (Chris Mace, 2007). But patients have to take their responsibility about their health when they follow the method of mindfulness. Mindfulness based eating awareness training represents an extension of MBSR and MBCT designed for people with binge eating disorder (Chris Mace 2007). This concept of Mindfulness basically came from The Discourse on the Establishing of Mindfulness (satipattāna sutta).

Mindfulness, in simplest terms, is being aware of your current experiences. Depression is one of two disorders that is found worldwide (Myers, 2014). With mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, patients go through an eight week group that incorporates mindfulness into everyday activities like eating and chores (Lu, 2015). As the reader, you will go in depth into what psychological disorders are and types of psychological disorders, how mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) works, and the effectiveness of MBCT.

Participant ages will range from 25-64, and will require a written consent form in order to participate in this study. The proposal here is to invite participants complete two questionnaires, one before engaging in Mindfulness Meditation, and one after. There will be two groups of 25, one group will participate in the Mindfulness Meditation, the other will do typical CBT treatment. All of the participants will be given questionnaires, one at the beginning of a 12-week commitment to treatment for a Substance Abuse Disorder, and one after its completion. Those chosen for the experimental group will attend Mindful Meditation sessions Monday-Friday for half an hour for 12 weeks. The sessions will consist of some formal meditation practice, either Focused Attention, Open Monitoring, or Loving-kindness and Compassion meditation followed by some group processing. Additionally, the participants will be encouraged to continue their practice of formal Mindful Meditation over the week-ends, and incorporate informal mindfulness into their daily endeavors. The assessment will determine various components that are indicative of the recovery process including reduced

This essay is about the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of depression. The purpose of this essay is to address the question, how mindfulness works to improve mental health when used as part of psychological treatment? Firstly, a brief overview is given about what depression is and what the symptoms are, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Secondly, It will discuss mindfulness, as it is defined in mental health treatments. The main body of this essay will cover a description of what MBTC is, where it comes from, how it works, and how this treatment is activated in mindfulness based therapies. The final section will review three studies that have used MBCT in the treatment of depression.

is a 47-item self report scale that assesses the following four domains of the construct of mindfulness: a) mindfulness (α = .88), attention regulation (α = .84), acceptance (α = .74) and novelty seeking (α = .62). The MAP is intended to be a new instrument to assess mindfulness, whose componentes were drawn from earlier studies on mindfulness assessment.

Terms discussed in paper: CBT: Cognitive-behavioural therapy; HEP: Health enhancement program; TAU: Treatment as usual; TRD: Treatment-resistant depression; Mediators: Measurable changes during a treatment; MBCT: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy;

In this paper, I will describe my initial thoughts about the practice of mindfulness and my development regarding practicing it. Furthermore, I will explore the idea of being a mindful therapist and how I am hoping to apply this with patients in the future.