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9/11 Plot Analysis

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It is practically impossible for a nation’s intelligence community to detect and prevent every attack on its soil. However, the American failure to uncover the 9/11 plot should be considered a massive failure considering the scope of the attack which involved careful planning, training many perpetrators, and a high profile target with many victims. Furthermore it can be demonstrated that there were many signals and opportunities to discover the plot that the intelligence machinery missed. “Hindsight is 20/20” and there needs to be an understanding of how easy it is to look back at how the intelligence gathered before the attacks should have signaled a serious threat, and thus provoked the unraveling of the 9/11 plot had the intelligence community …show more content…

At the end of the Cold War, the nature of threats to US security changed from mutually assured destruction towards a threat of “new” terrorism. However, the archaic structure, culture and incentive system failed to adapt to the emergence of a fundamentally different threat, subsequently undermining the FBI as an intelligence agency apt to deal with current security threats. According to Amy Zegart, instead of saving case files onto a computer system, FBI agents were storing them in shoeboxes. Field offices failed to work in unison with each other, and the FBI as a whole was reacting to crimes by conducting criminal investigations rather than being proactive in preventing future terrorist attacks due to the pervasive belief that law enforcement took precedence over intelligence. Even in the bureau’s Osama Bin Laden squad-its leading counterterrorism office-, only one agent was tasked with investigating future attacks by Al Qaeda. The rest were assigned to indict known terrorists for previously committed crimes. When it came to detecting and preventing 9/11, Zegart notes, “the FBI did not have a fighting chance”. The FBI was internally very decentralized with 56 separate field offices each run by a Special Agent in Charge. The decentralized nature of the bureau made the management of a coordinated counterterrorism program on a national level …show more content…

He urged the FBI to investigate foreign flight school students and to collaborate with other intelligence agencies in order to more efficiently collect and connect the dots. However, his advice was not taken for various reasons. Despite having been seen by many FBI officials, the memo produced opportunities for unraveling the al Qaeda plan which the FBI failed to capitalize on due to it’s fragmented structure and poor organization. The FBI consequently failed to use its sheer size to its advantage by coordinating a nationwide effort to counter a credible threat months before it was set to take place. The memo also named a man who turned out to be an accomplice of Hani Hanjour, the pilot of American Airlines flight 77. If he had been investigated, like Williams had recommended, then it is possible that the 9/11 plot would have been compromised. One of the biggest missed opportunities for preventing the 9/11 attacks occurred a month later within the FBI. The field office in Minneapolis arrested a man named Zacarias Moussaoui. What led to the arrest was a call from a Pan American International Flight School employee citing Moussaoui as suspicious because of his keen interest in

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