9-Fluorenone Lab Report

In order to isolate benzoic acid, benzocaine and 9-fluorenone, each component needed to be separated from one another. All three compounds began together in one culture tube, dissolved in methylene chloride and formed into a homogenous mixture. In this culture tube, two milliliters of aqueous three molar hydrochloric acid was added, which immediately formed two layers, the top acidic aqueous layer was clear in color and contained benzocaine, and the bottom organic formed was yellow and contained benzoic acid and 9-fluorenone. Benzocaine’s amino group is protonated by the aqueous layer hydronium. This protonation forms the conjugate acid of benzocaine, benzocaine hydrochloride. Thus, the conjugate acid, benzocaine hydrochloride is a salt in which is soluble in water and furthermore can be isolated from the organic mixture. When testing out the pH levels in benzocaine, the pH test strip was dark blue in color, indicating a pH level of around 5 to 7. When isolating benzoic acid, two milliliters of aqueous three molar sodium hydroxide was added, which deprotonates the carboxylic group in benzoic acid, forming its conjugate base, sodium benzoate. As with benzocaine hydrochloride, sodium benzoate is a water soluble ionic salt in the aqueous layer that can then be separated from the bottom organic layer containing the 9-fluorenone. The pH test strip was a vibrant red for benzoic acid, indicating a pH of 2. Now the 9-fluorenone is left, deionized water is added to remove any excess

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The first successful isolation of fluorine was achieved by a French chemist named Henri Moissan. He was born on September 28, 1852 and his accomplishments remain extraordinary to this day.

Hepatitis C virus deadly virus which needs and demand permanent cure to serve the people affected across the globe. Molecular designing studies, led to the identification and development of Quinoxaline based new chemical entities, their putative binding site, key interactions within NS3h protein of HCV, and druglike properties of designed molecules are discussed. The condensation of 3- hydroxynopinone with chiral diamines such as

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Catechin-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized through an ultrasonic crushing method, as schematically depicted in Fig. 9, the major steps involved in producing Catechin-Cu nanoparticles. In a typical procedure, a solution containing 9 mL alcohol was prepared, in which a desired amount of Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) (Mw = 1,300,000) was dissolved with magnetic stirring, at room temperature, for 2 h. The concentration of PVP was 9% by weight, followed by addition of 1 ml of mixed solution containing Catechin and cupric nitrate with molar ratios 1:2. In this method, both the cathchin and cupric nitrate were mixed in a mutually dissolving solvent, which was removed by evaporation to produce a film, and then reconstituted in a buffer solution medium

6.71 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol, 2.0 mL of phosphoric acid and 30 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were placed in a round bottom flask. The liquids were then mixed using a glass stirring rod after which a boiling stone was added. Mixture was then distilled using a 25-mL receiver flask sitting in an ice bath. Heating of mixture was regulated to ensure that reaction and isolation of the starting material were fully completed, the process was carried out until there was no liquid remained to be

By looking at ‎Figure 3.7, a better match can be noticed in general shape of the profiles that are matching the theoretical profile corresponding to open-terrain condition (target α = 0.15). For instance, at d=2H, 3D-CFD-RSM is showing a good representation of open-terrain profile for the mean velocity until , and above this point the profile has a tendency to decrease speed which is also the trend of experimental measurements above . This is mainly because in the laboratory and also CFD simulations, there is no velocity inflow above the last upper row of fans, but for the theoretical formulation and in nature, there is still increasing velocity inflow beyond this height. Another insight of CFD simulations is that the results of the 2D k-є model are not as good as the results of 3D cases when comparing with the theoretical target velocity profiles.

A common problem that scientists encounter in chemistry is that two or three compounds are mixed together and they have to perform the purification and extraction to identity the single compounds that mixture contains. In order to separate the components of a mixture, various techniques can be used such as sublimation, evaporation, extraction, filtration, decantation, and more. In this lab, benzoic acid, benzocaine, and 9-fulorenone were mixed and acid-base extraction, separatory funnel extraction, drying organic solutions, suction filtration, and melting point determination were used to separate the mixture in to more pure substances. For the acid-base reaction, proton transfers occurred to result in compound polarity shifts, which allowed

Approximately 160 uL of p-cresol, 260 uL of 25% NaOH solution, and 0.019g of tetrabutylammonium were used. While the p-cresol, 25 % aqueous NaOH and tetrabutylammonium bromide solution was being heated it slowly turned yellow and then eventually turned a light brown shade. It was originally a colorless liquid. When this solution was being heated, the temperature remained steady around 95-100°C. It was heated for 60 minutes. When ether was added to the conical reaction vial after its contents were heated, three layers formed. The top layer was colorless, the middle layer was white, and the bottom layer was light brown. The top layer was the organic (ether) layer that was then removed via pipette. Approximately 400 uL of 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide

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The possibility of Muc5AC regulation by PPARγ at the level of gene expression might be an important event of PPARγ in epithelial cells along with its anti-inflammatory activities. To investigate the basis for Muc5AC repression by PPARγ, we analyzed the MUC5AC promoter for the presence of putative PPARγ transcription factor binding elements that may mediate this response. As shown in schematic representation, our analysis identified a novel PPARγ response elements (PPRE) between -3834 and -3821 bp (PPRE1: TGTTCAGAGGTCAA) and between -1207 and -1194 bp (PPRE2: AGGACAAAGGGCC) in the MUC5AC

As a prevailing spectroscopic characterization, fourier transform infrared spectra help us to verify the existence of addition of sodium based second phase in CuO:Na+ nanoparticles . The bands of pristine CuO and pristine Na2O are located at 459, 502, 591 cm-1 and 890 cm-1, 1430 cm-1 respectively was reported by kim et. al and khufu et at. [177, 271]. As seen from figure 7, three characteristic strong peaks located at 429, 502, 591 cm-1, associated with the Cu–O vibrations of monoclinic CuO. The peaks centered at 502 cm-1, demonstrate red shift and the peak at 591 cm-1 shows blue shift compared with the pristine CuO values (429, 502, 591 cm-1). with the doping of Na. The observed red and blue shifts due to Na-doping may be related to

The structure of the prepared material was investigated employing many techniques such as X-rays diffraction, SEM and TEM electron microscopy. In order to scrutinize the crystal structure of the samples X-rays diffraction was carried out using diffractometer XPERT-MPDUG, Philips PW3040. Figure (1) depicts the X-ray diffraction of the as synthesized samples. It can be seen that the nature of the sample is formed in poly crystalline form. The most important peaks are displayed. The most intense peaks were indexed to be 201, 011, 111, 400, 311, 102, 020, and 112. The indexed peaks correspond to single pure orthorhombic phase according to ICDD card 83-1758 (75-2115). The reflection planes, regarding the ICDD card, are

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