Lab Report

{N} and {M} are the generalised stresses can can be expressed as membrane strains and curvatures by using the laminar stress-strain relationship and Love Kirchhoff hypothesis.

I think this objective means that we need to make sure we understand the procedure or steps for the lab. Knowing the steps for the lab is extremely important because especially in chemistry if something is done out of order it can be dangerous. So recording the procedure in our lab book is important. This relates to my major of Political Science in that in Political Science, recording down things accurately is very important and if something isn’t recorded accurately it could be dangerous like in chemistry lab. In my lab report for the Density Lab I recorded the steps to the lab. The objective of that lab was to find out what procedure was preferable for finding density. This made it very important to makes sure the experimental procedure was recorded accurately.

Where σ1 and σ2 are the stresses at temperatures T1 and T2. Calculating the values for t at different values temperatures values shows that the stress strain curve is not dependent on the temperature.

From Figure 7.24, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear region of the 20C curve, which is

Where ε1, ε2 and ε3 are the measurements from the rosette gauges and α, β and ϕ are the angles each strain gauge makes to the axis of the beam.

Figures from (5.138) to (5.143) show the principal strain Ӏ for B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6.

Summary: X-ray crystallography is a form of x-ray diffraction using crystalline structures. First, a crystal structure is grown that possesses the molecule being studied. The structure is grown most often using vapor diffusion to grow the correct size and shape molecule. Wavelengths are passed through, and then thoroughly analyzed to create a picture that reflects the molecule. Many atoms are too small to pinpoint, so at the end of the process a two dimensional picture is generated, and then transformed into a three dimensional model for each atom.

The structure of 2 was determined by the standard crystallographic method, using a colorless plate crystal (0.028 × 0.034 × 0.046 mm3) of 2 for single crystal data analysis. All the data were collected using a Bruker SMART BREEZE diffractometer equipped with a 1K CCD area detector using graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation at 200 K. A hemisphere of data was collected using a narrow-frame method with the scan widths of 0.30° in omega and an exposure time of 5 s/frame. The first 50 frames were remeasured at the end of the data collection to monitor the instrument and crystal stability. The maximum correction applied to the intensities was 2σ(I). All the calculations were performed using the WinGX-98 crystallographic software package

Crystallinity was investigated by XRD analysis using X’Pert PRO MPD X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical, Auckland, New Zealand). Powder samples

In addition to these, specific surface can also be calculated using known thermo-dynamic properties, microscopy, diffusiveness of X-Rays, etc. But the paper focusses on the two methods mentioned earlier.

where E is the Young 's modulus; u axial displacement; and A is the cross-section area. Interpolation model is based on the equations mentioned in section 4. Here, variables include the displacement vector

To start with the correlation method, the crystallographic information of the compound has to be known exactly and this crystallographic information is obtained from the international tables for X-ray crystallography [72]. Much important information is gathered from irreducible representation of the crystal as it allows predicting the

The two main methods of studying the order and configuration of alloys are X-rays diffuse scattering and Monte Carlo simulations. The former can be used to study individual “sections” (i.e. short range order) but is extensive as individual experiments on single crystals are needed. In order to study the

Since, for the past three decades, one could see that there are lot of developments in science and technology- especially, in the fields of electronics, fibre-optic communication and lasers [12]. The scientific community achieving this development in functional materials through the single crystals of Si, Ge and GaAs with NLO properties [13]. To enable a material to be potentially useful for NLO applications the material should be available in bulk Tetrafluoro Phthalate crystals (TFP). Also research into the growth of large single crystals TFP of from aqueous solution is currently serving as the important avenue to general progress in understanding many fundamental concepts of crystallization [14]. The effect of seed of different orientations on the habit of c and the change of morphology while doping with dyes have been investigated [15].

Azam khan a, Umair Alam a, Danish Ali a, Detlef Bahnemann b, M. Muneer a,*