A Brief Note On South Carolina Water Impairments

Drought condition exists throughout most of Arizona. Variable amounts of rainfall throughout last year’s where was significantly below the normal with surface water flows, reservoir levels, and well water pumping levels are at some of their lowest ever recorded all of that act as indication of drought occurrence. Drought is a normal recurring feature of climate, not a rare or random event. Climate influence water quality throughout temperature, precipitation, and wind by affecting the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water. For instance, temperature fluctuation results in more stress on aquatic organism within water body, in the same way wind fluctuation has a direct effect on evaporation rate. Municipal water providers in Flagstaff, Williams, Mayer, Pine, Strawberry, and in areas near Sierra Vista, Sonoita, and Picacho have suffered from some potable

There is a freshwater crisis in the United States that is currently taking place in California. Unfortunately, this is California’s third consecutive year of drought. California has recorded the lowest amount of water in their reservoirs and sadly a large number of them have already dried up. The drought is regional, and caused by multiple reasons such as lack of rain, global warming, pollution, and over usage. 100 percent of the state is in drought, with 82 percent of the land designated as in ‘extreme’ or ‘exceptional’ drought, these are the highest levels on the U.S. Drought Monitor scale. Thirty-seven million people are affected by the drought.

In recent years, California’s water shortage has been an issue and in 2014 an alarming driest historical year has impacted the state in different ways. Because of the lack of rainfall and snow, California’s reservoirs are running insignificant water basins below their capacity. While water shortages are experienced slowly and throughout a length of time, the harshest impacts are noticeable in areas that produce California’s food where wells are used as resource for water in agriculture, and residential areas. Though, most agree the drought is an issue some do not agree. To understand the circumstances, this paper will look at the drought’s impacts on California’s economy for agricultural, famers, and consumers. Also, this written work will examine the environmental consequences of surface water obtainability, and the areas that have encounter the most devastating affects. For most, this paper will examine the allocations of the governor’s drought declaration, and the strategies used by residents to conserver water.

Over thousands of years water has been a very valuable element in our everyday lives. Now we are being faced with a shortage of water affecting not only us, but future generations as well. The drought has become an extreme issue that has affected the United States. For example, in Texas the dry spell has had an impact in families, politics and law, religion, health care, and mass media.

The sign, “Serious Drought. Help Save Water” displayed on the electronic highway board, prompted us to make the California drought as the topic of conversation throughout the whole drive. We were heading to Half Moon Bay for an outing at the beach and hiking the coastal trail. A few minutes later, we reached the I-280 and Highway 92 intersection where a portion of Highway 92 bisects the Crystal Springs Reservoir. The effect of the drought is nowhere more evident than the reservoir low water level.

Scarcity occurs when the amount people desire exceeds the amount available at a zero price according to William McEachern (5). Therefore, the state of Texas is in need of developing a solution to the issue of water scarcity. Texas has had its share of droughts throughout the years however, with those droughts a reduction of water consumption hinders communities and especially large-acreage crops. So, some suggestions will be addressed in order to encourage further water management plans in order to avoid, Texas from drying up.

Today, the threat of human-induced global warming has caused some scientists to speculate that the Great Plains region is set to experience semipermanent drought conditions similar to what was experienced during the Dust Bowl. However, other scientists have claimed that conditions will be much tamer by comparison.. This inconsistency of results is discussed by Hoerling et al in their paper “Is a Transition to Semipermanent Drought Conditions Imminent in the U.S. Great Plains?” In their paper, it is suggested that the variance in results is due to the fact that the primary studies that have been conducted have used different methods and models to predict drought conditions and temperature in the Great Plains area. The models and methods discussed include the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the Coupled Model

California has had along history of dealing with its most vital resource water. It is not uncommon for a state/country to experience a drought that is the fluidity of the earth. Unfortunately it is extremely difficult to say when a drought will break for California it is vital that the state make breakthroughs in science and technology that can help us sustain a proper water supply that gives water to the masses. Exploring a section of California specifically in Santa Barbara, I will be looking at the history of water and finding innovative solutions for more sustainable practices within the county itself. Looking at past practices of water usage and the social, political, and current ideas of how drought has affected this area and the solutions for the enduring future.

Texas has had periods of drought as far back as 1534 based upon the tree ring evidence. However, water laws in Texas are such that the groundwater is governed by ‘absolute ownership’, and thus the exclusive property of the landowner. For most residents, they rely on municipal water supplies which are drawn from surface water alone. It is equally the quantity and quality of that surface water which is critical to the population of the state. This is especially true for the population of the East Fork watershed (EFW, aka Region C), whose population continues to slowly increase, and where water demand had already exceeded supply by 2010. [1] Based on publications and website data from the USGS, EPA, the Texas Water Development Board

Water availability of both surface and ground water has become a major problem due to high demand. On average, 320 gallons of water are used per day by each household in America, 30 percent of which is used outdoors (EPA, 2015). In Florida alone, total water withdrawals are expected to increase by almost 21 percent by the year 2030 (Water use trends in Florida, 2014). I believe the high volume of water being used is not the sole issue; it is the source of our water as well as our water management practices. Some experts estimate that as much as 50 percent of water used for outdoor irrigation is lost through evaporation (EPA, 2015). This loss of water happens when plants or grasses are watered at certain times during the day and is a direct result of Florida’s water mismanagement. Commercial and residential vegetation has been watered too often and at the wrong times for far too long and it needs to stop unless we want to see our aquifers dry up entirely.

Blake, C. (2014). California farm water leaders discuss worsening drought. Western Farm Press, 36(23), 12-15.

“The Coachella Valley is always operating in a state of drought because it is after all the desert; but here in the valley where our number one industry is tourism there are lush lawns, sprawling golf courses and plenty of fountains” (Angela Monroe “Water Use During Drought in the Desert” Paragraph 3). Drought has affected California, also especially the Coachella Valley, in many ways that cause the state to create precaution for their water districts. The districts in the Coachella Valley can do their part in reducing the impact of the drought by creating more precautions to save water as a community.

California is experiencing one of its worst droughts in history. Water is made up of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. It sounds so simple, but it should not be taken for granted because without it we would cease to exist. It is so necessary for survival that without it we would die in a few days. Fortunately, the California drought has not reached that level. Yet, there is a need for concern because human beings are not among the only living organism that depends on water. All living organisms depend on it, from a mighty bald eagle, to the bright orange California poppy. Not only does it bring life, but it also plays a role in the economy as well. There are many occupations that rely on water and if one industry is directly affected then presumably fifty or more are indirectly affected. Water is in high demand, but there is not enough supply to meet it. It is extremely difficult to predict next week’s weather, let alone next year’s total rainfall. In a 6-10 day (accumulated) precipitation forecast history shows that meteorologist have only been correct about 40% of the time. This is a great cause for concern because it makes it extremely difficult to know if we are rationing enough now. As mentioned before, water is in great demand and it is intrinsically necessary. So, how much will California lose if the drought continues and what can be done to ease the situation? I will report on the current water system in CA, the users (i.e. urban and agriculture), and different

ENSO (El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation) has a large effect on climate patterns in Southern California. Long-term precipitation patterns associated with El Niño may have an impact on flooding, mudslides, crop damage, coastal erosion, and fishery damage. Yet, there is some uncertainty as to its effects on drought, if at all. This study attempts to understand the effect of ENSO and Drought by analyzing long-term precipitation, sea surface temperatures, and the Palmer Drought Index data as a function of time for three locations in Southern California. The above data was acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the State of California Drought Portal for three ENSO events dating back to 1980 and used to developed

Today, the threat of human-induced global warming has caused some scientists to speculate that the Great Plains region is set to experience semipermanent drought conditions similar to what was experienced during the Dust Bowl. However, other scientists have claimed that conditions will be much tamer by comparison.. This inconsistency of results is discussed by Hoerling et al in their paper “Is a Transition to Semipermanent Drought Conditions Imminent in the U.S. Great Plains?” In their paper, it is suggested that the variance in results is due to the fact that the primary studies that have been conducted have used different methods and models to predict drought conditions and temperature in the Great Plains area. The models and methods discussed include the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and the Community Climate System Model.