Water Remediation In Texas

The company I chose for this assignment is the Missouri Department of Conservation. It is a Missouri state agency whose mission is to protect and conserve Missouri’s natural resources.

The samples of unfiltered Rio Salado River water used in these experiments were collected from a site on the south bank of the river near S. 7th Ave. in Phoenix Arizona (see figure 1). The samples of water were collected by filling a three-gallon carboy by submerging it in the river. The carboy was then transported at ambient air temperature to the lab the same day it

Government agencies carefully monitor water quality and its effect on wetlands (Reference: Environment Protection Agency Wetland Report EPA 832-R-93-005). Of particular concern is the concentration of nitrogen in water draining from fertilized lands. Too much nitrogen can kill fish and wildlife. Twenty-eight samples of water were taken at random from a lake. The nitrogen concentration (milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water) was determined for each sample. The variable in this information is nitrogen concentration (mg nitrogen/l water).

The Red River Compact Commission was created and signed by 1978 by 4 states Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. The Red River, the northern boundary of a lot of the state, is a major water source for all four of these states and was being fought over until this commission was made to help solve many of the disputes that could come up. Similarly, Texas has more agreements with other states including the Sabine River Compact Commission and the Rio Grande Compact. These commission serves the same purpose as the other commission, to make sure that all states receive the correct amount of water and that neither state ruins the water for any other one. The United States has an agreement with Mexico regarding the Colorado River that helps decide what should be done with a river that gives water to more than 33 million people across the two nations. The agreement is made to help the Colorado River make it back to the Ocean which will in turn help refill Lake Mead, the main source of water for the city of Los Vegas. The major treaty between the US and Mexico that Texas has a large hand in is the Treaty of February 3, 1994. This treaty restricts the water that the other country can take from the Rio Grande river, and guarantees the US one-third of the water from 5 tributaries in Mexico, and guarantees Mexico all of the water from two other tributaries. This treaty also allows both nations to dam parts of this

Texas, with its abundances of natural resources, is facing a new demon, one that doesn’t even seem possible, a shortage of water. Water, without it nothing can survive. Texas is the second largest state for landmass in the nation and ninth for water square miles. Within the borders of Texas are more than 100 lakes, 14 major rivers, and 23 aquifers, so why has water become such an important issue for the state? Politicians and conservationists all agree that without a new working water plan, the state could be facing one of the most damaging environmental disasters they have ever seen. The issues that shape the states positions are population growth, current drought conditions, and who actually owns the water.

This analysis of case studies from Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the case study to predict the effects of pesticides on aquatic systems and the waterfowl that uses them. Comparing the two processes of these case studies, along with analysis of the assessments. Describing the case study on the effects of pesticides in aquatic ecosystem, the risk assessment correlated to observed field studies and evaluate the importance of this type of correlation in general for all risk assessment efforts. Breaking down the ecological and social

Often, toxic substances are being drained into the air, waterways, and undergrounds wells. According to the report by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), over 60 million pounds of deadly chemicals are produced by industries in Florida. Notably, Florida’s water has been suffering mercury contamination until the state’s department of migration issues a circular regularly for regulations of eating freshwater fish in the region (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). In fact, such metals emanate from coal combustion’s emissions which run into water bodies. Not to mention, pesticides and herbicides utilized by government and homeowners pollute the environment (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). Indeed, all chemicals released into the atmosphere find themselves in rivers.

"It is not possible to add pesticides to water anywhere without threatening the purity of water everywhere. Seldom if ever does Nature operate in closed and separate compartments, and she has not done so in distributing the earth's water supply" (Carson 42).

Atrazine is an herbicide that does not occur naturally, can be applied before and after planting to control broadleaf and grassy weeds. Atrazine is part of the triazine chemical class, it is mostly used for agriculture. Farmers value atrazine for its effective use against some of the toughest weeds in corn like lambsquarters, morningglory, pigweed, and foxtails that make it the most popular herbicide in pre-mix combination products. Atrazine is an odorless, white powder that is not very volatile, reactive, or flammable, and that will dissolve in water. Atrazine is used to kill weeds, mostly on farms, but also been used on highway and golf courses. The EPA now controls how atrazine can be used and implemented, only trained people are allowed

How is Atrazine used? It is sprayed on plants, grass, and weeds. Why is it used? It is used to kill weeds and unwanted plants that are in places people don’t want them to be. Also, used heavily by farmers on crops. What happens when it enters the environment? Atrazine is known to be slow to break down. It is found in streams, rivers, lakes, and drinking water. It mainly spreads from runoff because of rain, but can also be absorbed into the air.

Water quality data (fixed-interval sample) collected bimonthly from 1999-2008 and monthly from 2009-2013 for all 18 monitoring sites within the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek basins over a 15-year period were obtained from The City of Greensboro Stormwater Division, North Carolina. The sampled data were grouped in range of years from 1999-2002, 2003-2008, 2009-2010 and 2011-2013 so as to obtain a detailed analysis on the data. The sampling sites in the study area were numbered for simplicity of result presentation. Bluff Run (1), Fleming (2), Friendship Church Rd (3), Old Oak Ridge Rd. (4), Pleasant Ridge (5) and Battleground Ave. (6), are located in the Reedy Fork Creek basin (Figure 1). Whereas Aycock (7), North Church St. (8), Fieldcrest Dr. (9), McConnell (10), Merritt Dr. (11), 16th St. (12), Randleman Rd (13), Rankin Mills Rd. (14) West JJ (15), White St. (16), Mcleansville (17), and Summit Ave. (18) sites are located in Buffalo Creek basin. Twelve water quality parameters were selected for statistical analysis.

The third article I found was, Atrazine exposure in public drinking water and preterm birth by Rinsky L. et al. this article looked at atrazine in drinking water and how that is related to preterm birth. The objective of the study is to look at exisiting data to see id there is a relationship that exists between the level of atrazine in drinking water and preterm birth. The authors explain that atrazine is commonly apply to crops to protect it from weeds and is then transported to bodies of water by runoff from fields. The article explains that atrazine exposure can be dangerous to human health and it has access to people through their drinking water. The Environmental Protection Agency has a regulation on how much atrazine can be in the public

6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-triazine-2, 4-diamine, commonly referred to as Atrazine, is a member of the Triazine class. It is the number one ground water contaminant and the most commonly used herbicide in the United States. Chemicals in the Triazine class, like Atrazine, Propazine and Simazine all consists of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with a parent molecule molecular formula of C3H3N3. Due to their common mechanism of toxicity, Triazine classified chemicals, like Atrazine have been identified as Endocrine Disruptors. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine systems, leading to adverse effects. Some chemicals do this by binding to receptors,

This leads to issues for the inhabitants of Oklahoma and one example is in Duncan Oklahoma where the city, because of the loss of 70% of their water supply, will possibly cancel the use of water outside of homes (Layden, 2015). No more green lawns or washing the family car to maintain the survivability of their water source, Waurika Lake, which they fear will be depleted by 2016 (Layden, 2015). Another issue that arises from the drought has to do with providing sustenance for a growing population within an area that is predominantly prairie. With the lack of proper precipitation this leads many in Oklahoma to resort to aquifers for use at 73% being used just for irrigation to produce hay, corn, wheat and many others (“Water Fact”, 2015). In Steward’s et al. (2013) article they did a study concerning southwest, northwest and western Kansas’s usage of groundwater for agriculture.

Recoveries experiments would be conducted to confirm the validity of the methods. Findings from this study would allow us to propose an efficient extraction procedure for selected imidazolinone herbicides in fish samples.