A Brief Summary Of Aging

Particular causes of hyponatremia include fluids loss due to vomiting, diarrhea or diuretic therapy, low protein

The patient's acid-base disturbance is very clearly a sign of acute renal failure. The levels all correlate to a case of compensated acute metabolic alkalemia. The case is acute because the blood pH is only off by .1 from the average normal range. Furthermore, the levels of PaCO2 40 mm, PaO2 95 mm, SaO2 97%, and HCO3- 32 meq/lite are all well within the normal ranges, which further shows that the failure is acute at the point of testing. It is alkalemia because the blood is slightly more alkaline than normal. This can be seen as blood is normally at a pH of between 7.35 and 7.45. If the pH were to drop below this amount, it would be too acidic. Here, the pH increased, resulting in an alkaline state. This patient's current condition is compensated because it falls within the result range of renal compensation (WHO, 2010).

It is secondary to under-perfusion of otherwise normally functioning kidneys and if detected early can be reversible. In Mr Jones’s case, his kidney’s experienced hypo-perfusion during surgery. Hypo-perfusion consequently causes azotemia due to the excess nitrogenous wastes in the blood. Medications, such as high doses of dopamine, can cause prerenal kidney injury due to the production of intrarenal vasoconstriction, which can lead to hypo perfusion of the glomeruli (Nissenson, 1998). The kidneys have an enormous blood supply and account for 20-25% of cardiac output. This blood supply is needed for the removal of waste products and the management of fluid and electrolyte balances. If the blood flow to the kidneys is reduced, this has a decreasing effect on the GFR leading to a decreased urine output, filtration and reabsorption of filtered material through the glomerulus. This can lead to further issues and effect other organs in the body. Fredrick experienced a decreased urine output as a symptom of his reduced GFR. Fredrick’s increased respiration rate noted during assessment was an indicator of his deterioration and alerted the medical team that there was an underlying issue. During the nurse’s assessment, they observed that Frederic had very poor urine output, which is also linked with the drop in the GFR in the kidneys. Thus, encouraging the nursing staff to take immediate action with thereputic

The neurological effects of uraemia include peripheral neuropathy that leads to his signs of pruritus (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al., 2013). One of the main roles of the kidney is erythropoietin production (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al., 2013). As the function of the kidney decreases and an increase of metabolic toxins occurs, this leads to a decrease in red blood cell (RBC) formation and an overall decrease in the lifespan of the RBC (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al., 2013). This leads to anaemia and subsequently low oxygen saturation (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al., 2013). This explains his low haemoglobin count, low RBC count, low hematocrit and feelings of malaise and agitation (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al., 2013). Mr Goodpasture’s rise in potassium is as a result of a build up of H+ called acidosis (Bullock & Hales, 2013; LeMone et al.,

Hypernatremia is a result of too much sodium in the blood that is >145 mmol/L. It is a common electrolyte problem that is most likely caused by impaired thirst or mental judgment and/or not drinking enough water.

Aging is a beautiful process that should be taking for granted. Growing of age should represent a well-preserved body and mind that exemplify the honor of the aging process. Conclusively, the aging process increases the quality of experience and the splendor of being magnanimous of aging. "The gray hair of experience is the splendor of the old" Proverb 20:29 (New Living Version).

Aging is actually the slowing process of cells: using less and less energy or entropy. As we age, our cells don’t regenerate as quickly as they used to. We slow down, our internal systems slow down and we just don’t generate the heat and energy of before. Entropy will envelope our closed system (cell) and it will just not produce as it should.

The human body contains blood and fluid compounds and elements like chloride, phosphate, potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium known as electrolytes that occur naturally to control important physiologic functions. When the body levels of electrolytes are low (hypo) or high (hyper) it results in electrolyte disorder. Depending on the affected electrolyte(s), when body electrolytes are hyper (high) or hypo(low) it leads to electrolyte disorder, which in turn disrupts blood ionized salts balance ( Buttaro, et al., 2017). For instance, disruption of chloride leads to either hyperchloremia or hypochloremia, calcium (hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia ), Potassium (hyperkalemia or hypokalemia), Magnesium disruption

- Hyperoxaluria: an inherited but rare metabolic disease related to a buildup of calcium oxalate in the blood. Calcium oxalate itself is a salt that is typically kept in balance. (Source: Medical Dictionary

Everyone wants to stop the process of aging and man has been in search of a product that will help him. A few years ago, researchers found that aging occurs due to the reduction in production of the Human Growth Hormone in the body. As the body ages, the pituitary glands, responsible for the production of HGH, do not produce sufficient quantity of the hormone causing the many signs of aging to appear.

Aging is the process of becoming older, as we age, multiple mutations occur that concern all the processes of aging well as it compromising a number of different genes. There are many theories of biological aging, such as the Cellular Aging Theory, Immunological Theory, and the Wear and Tear Theory. The Cellular Aging theory describes the process of aging in which cells slow their number of replication, thus giving each species a “biological clock that determines its maximum life span” and how quickly one 's health will deteriorate(Hooyman, 42). After a certain number of years, each cell which follows an apparent biological clock starts to replicate itself less, thus the specific individual or species slowly deteriorates. This theory gives

In order to better understand aging-associated diseases, it is first necessary to define what aging is. Aging is a complex, multifactorial process of harmful mutations in cells and tissues that are accumulated over time and result in an increased risk of disease and, eventually, death (Tosato, Zamboni, Ferrini, & Cesari, 2007, p. 401). Contrary to the belief that aging can be cured through medical advances, it is scientifically accepted that, while human life expectancy has increased, the human life span has remained largely unchanged for the past 100,000 years (Tosato et al., p. 401). Therefore, future developments in aging research ought to focus on addressing treatment and prevention of major aging-associated diseases that will

Sodium and potassium transport can be related to kidney function and dialysis. The level of potassium is managed by the kidneys. A balance has to be maintained between sodium and potassium. The main organ that controls the balance is the kidney. By removing excess potassium in the urine, the balance of potassium is controlled. For those that have a kidney disease, some may be told by the doctor to avoid foods that are high in potassium. Kidney losses

Aging on the other hand is a process that affects the human and other organisms’ as a whole. It is, therefore, basically, the adding damages of tissues, cells, and molecules during the process of growth and development. It is a process that takes place in a lifetime span. The changes in the psychological process are permanent (Finch, 2007). The changes will, therefore, affect the way the organism balances the homeostasis process in the body. (Finch, 2007) The body then begin to become immune to the stress conditions in the long run. The declining capacity of the body to maintaining a balance in the homeostasis process is a risk condition to the health of the organism (Finch,2007). It is the reason the body becomes prone to diseases and complications. Some of the severe health issues that occur due to

Also spelled as ageing, this is generally the process of becoming old. It is the in a way the opposite of immortality. In a broader aspect, it may occur to single cells in an organism also called cellular senescence or the population of a species, known as population ageing. This process primarily affects human beings and fungi. In humans, it signifies the accumulation of various changes which occur over time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes.