A. Introduction Biogas – a term that has been synonymous to the rural culture, a viable alternate

Human activities can release naturally occurring hydrogen sulfide into ambient air. For example, some natural gas deposits contain up to 42% hydrogen sulfide. In industry, hydrogen sulfide can be formed whenever elemental sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds come into contact with organic materials at high temperatures. Hydrogen sulfide is formed, for example, during coke production, in viscose rayon production, in waste-water treatment plants, in wood pulp production using the sulfate method, in sulfur extraction processes, in oil refining and in the tanning

The renewable energy that the Georges produced through the bio-gas is set up to offset the farm's electricity use and/or sell the power at wholesale rates to the local utility. In the article it stated that the change to bio-gas results in less odor-causing compounds in manure in a liquid storage system and the breaking down of manure in the digester changes the organic nitrogen into ammonium which is when spread on the fields it’ll become more readily available when consumed by the plants allowing for less nutrient runoff. Also reduces weeds appearing in the fields causing less weeds growing with crops. Another great thing about the digestion process it also reduces methane, a greenhouse gas, emissions (basically global warming) which would otherwise remain in the atmosphere for 9 to 15

The best cleaning effect is obtained by employing cloth filters. However, normal cloth filters are very sensitive to the gas temperature. In the case of wood or agricultural waste gasification, the dew-point of the gas will be around 70 C. Below this temperature water will condense in the filters, causing obstruction of the gas flow and an unacceptable

For over forty years now, scientists and researchers have been tirelessly searching for an alternative to fossil fuels. Biofuels have become an interesting contender in the search for the replacement of the non-renewable energy source. Biofuels have been used throughout history for over thousands of years. There is a large debate over biofuels and its true impact on the environment. Those involved in the discussion debating whether biofuels have any real overwhelming benefits compared to fossil fuels could argue for its usage. According to recent research performed by the University of Michigan, biofuels may not be the best alternative for fossil fuels. Regardless of its impact on the environment, biofuels are becoming more popular particularly when the price of oil rises.

The project’s hypothesis is: if the type of biomass is vegetable peels then the amount of biogas produced will increase. This project tests the amount of biogas produced when cow manure is combined with different types of biomass (in this case, mashed bananas and vegetable peelings). It is an interesting project because studying how biogas is produced, it is possible to see how this chemical reaction happens. Biogas can be used for cooking, heating, and after going through a transformation process it could be even used as fuel. If studied more, biogas could have more functions.

The sewage is sent to a wastewater treatment plant through sewers where it goes through primary treatment. It undergoes clarification, followed by disinfection, before being released into the receiving body of water. In the primary treatment chamber, solids descent to the bottom and enter a digestion unit. These solids then experience further treatment prior to transportation or storage. During the creation of biosolids, the waste goes through a reduction of disease-causing organisms and minimizing the characteristics of the biosolids that makes it attractive to vectors such as flies, mosquitoes and rodents. Next, the biosolids are tested for metals to make sure it is fit for land application and hazardous waste determination. Each treatment plant will have a different method to complete this process but it will always go through a process to make sure it is safe to use which makes this a realistic alternative to our current agricultural practices. It is also recycling wastes so using these biosolids can leave a positive impact which is also another reason why it is a very realistic alternative. The potential stakeholders in this issue are big businesses such as Merrell Bros., Inc which is a nationwide biosolids management company which help municipalities, industries and agricultural operations successfully manage and recycle biosolids. Farmers who receive these biosolids don’t have to pay for it.

In an attempt to meet climate emissions goals, scientists are obtaining and using carbon dioxide emitted by power plants and other sources. In theory, carbon dioxide is easy to capture. This is because it is acidic, and it reacts effortlessly with simple bases like amines. In practice, however, amine scrubbing, the method used by some power plants to capture carbon dioxide for cleaning flue gases, is defeated because it encloses the greenhouse gas in water-based solutions. An abundance of energy is required to heat these great amounts of water in order to release the carbon dioxide that was captured and to renew the amines.

CSG is a naturally occurring methane gas which is known as Coal Bed Methane (CBM). It is a-by product of ancient plant matter that has formed over millions of years by the same natural processes which produce coal. Not long ago this gas was identified as a major problem in the underground coal mining industry due to it’s high flammability despite this, it is now recognised as a very profitable resource.

Poop is just one of the many biological materials, called biomass, that has the potential to create bioenergy. Burning wood is the oldest kind of biomass energy used on Earth. Poop is considered a biogas product, because it produces gas. Biogas can also be produced from crops such as corn, wheat, sugarcane, as well as agricultural waste products and algae. The composting process of all biogas material produces the gas that can potentially help power the world and have a positive impact on climate change.

Both charcoal and bentonite clay are currently used to remove PAHs from water sources. This experiment was conducted to determine which material was the more effective sequestering agent of PAHs through the use of Procion Red Dye. A spectrometer was used to create a calibration curve to which the absorption of both the charcoal and clay could be compared. Ultimately, the charcoal proved to be the most effective PAH adsorbent.

The rich gas then flows to a scrubber and the lean glycol flows through a filter into a reboiler. As the reboiler removes water vapour, the hot, reconcentrated glycol flows from the reboiler

Countries such as the U.S. have the resources to build elaborate biogas systems, including syngas gasification, a much faster process than anaerobic digestion. However coming up with efficient and inexpensive ways to harvest biogas can be tricky in places where energy is most needed and money and resources are most scarce. This chapter would show examples of innovative digesters being tried out in places throughout the world.

In today’s growing world, cleanness of waste material is one of the biggest challenges. Such as treatment and disposal of biological waste are biggest problem for many industries. Anaerobic fermentation—a superior alternative to composting—provides a exclusive Created during anaerobic fermentation, The biogas contains characteristics like renewable fuel and a high-energy that can be used as a replacement for fossil fuels. Biogas engines helps to recover waste management, as well as it also used to generate an economical energy supply.

The BDST curves obtained by plotting ln(Co/Ct -1) against t were used to calculate the values of adsorption capacity, No and the rate constant, ka from the slope and intercept of the linear plots. Table 3 presents the estimated values of the characteristic parameters, No and ka along with the correlation regression coefficient (R2) of the respective BDST plots. The decrease in values of ka were observed with increasing bed height and influent Cd(II) concentration, while increased with increasing flow rates. The values of rate constant, ka greatly influences the shape of the breakthrough curve in a packed bed column study.(Y4) With higher ka values the breakthrough can be avoided using lower bed height, whereas as the ka values decreases the progressively longer bed heights are required to eliminate the breakthrough. (A1) Further, the No values were increased with increasing bed height and influent Cd(II) concentration. This behavior can be attributed to the increased contact time of Cd(II) ions with the biochar as the bed height increased (A3) while with increasing influent concentration provided the higher loading of Cd(II) ions to saturate the biochar in a short period of contact (T1). As in case with increased flow rate, the No values were decreased which is indicative of more saturation of adsorbent sites. (Y1) These findings suggest that the overall adsorption

Sayangnya, tipe pengelolaan yang dilakukan masih bisa menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan walaupun hasil dari kedua macam pengelolaan ini mampu menghasilkan biogas. Incinerator masih menghasilkan gas beracun seperti karbon. Sedangkan, Sanitary Landfill mengeluarkan gas metan. Alhasil, daur ulang hanya sebatas pada bahan material organik. Material anorganik seperti barang