A.P U.S History Chapter 11 Study Guide

3. In June 1919 a bill was passed by Congress, the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote. This bill was made law on August 26, 1920.

Through many perspectives the conflict began between Jackson attacking the federal bank and those supporting it. Previous to this issues rise in intensity, Clay, Webster, and other advisors pushed Biddle to apply to Congress in 1832 for a bill to renew the bank charter. Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill of 1832 and had made it clear that he was not going to renew the bank's charter when it was expected to expire in 1836. Jackson included the reasons why he was against the bank in his veto message and among those reasons was the fact that the bank only served the financial elite. Yet Jackson's political opponents used the veto of the bill as the platform to run against Jackson in the upcoming presidential elections. In the end, however, Jackson came out semi-victorious as the bank had been shut down in 1836 but the country suffered as a result. The death of the bank led to the Panic of 1837 during which time profits, prices, and wages went down and unemployment went up. Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States had a profound and lasting impact on the

2. Who were the new Republicans? Which groups comprised this party? What was its platform?

In the two-party system, supporters of Jackson were Democrats and supporters of his rival, Henry Clay, were the Whigs. The Democratic Party resembled the old Republican party of Jefferson, while the Whigs represented the Federalist party of Hamilton.

Although, rather than act on the interests of the people during his presidency, Jackson seemed to only act on his own interests as he exhibited a “my way or the highway” mentality that led to undemocratic actions. This mentality can be seen through his spoils system where Jackson replaced government officeholders with people who were his political supporters and who were loyal to him. His appointments did not really take into consideration the qualifications or the skills of the new officeholders, but he only really cared about their loyalty to him and 20 percent of the original officeholders lost their jobs due to this new policy (Keene, 237). Jackson’s controlling mentality was also demonstrated through the bank war as he vetoed Congress’s bill to recharter the National Bank. Although the veto was popular to many as it attacked the rich and powerful and appealed to the humble members of society, he had to be sure the bank could not be revived by withdrawing all federal funds (Keene, 250). This was a rash move that could seriously damage the economy, and Jackson had to fire two people until he found someone who was willing to become secretary of the Treasury and follow his orders. Many people viewed Jackson’s actions in the Bank War as tyrannical and the political cartoon titled King

During the years 1829 - 1854 the Jacksonian Period had 3 major events that impacted the American state. The 3 major events were the opposing of the Second Bank of the United States, Nullification Proclamation, and the Trail of Tears. On July 10, 1832, Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill in which it would state that the Second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional and unpolitical in where it would have to be removed. The Second Bank was built in the aftermath of the War of 1812 in which many people believed it was the cause of the Panic of 1819. Most of the Westerners and Southerners had felt that the Bank itself had only been supporting the Northern interests over their own interests.

During the time of the third President’s presidency, President Andrew Jackson made decisions for the United States. Andrew Jackson helped push the westward expansion, exceed in technology, and give more people the chance of a better job and life. Over the years of his presidency, he has given many citizens as many equal rights as possible. Jackson believed that it is good to limit the terms of the government and a president in office because he did not want to to resemble a king, or one ruling for life. Though, at the time, citizens were white men who owned land.

A new order of demonstrated political loyalties, such as seen in Texas and the South from Reconstruction until the middle 20th century with the movement from a Democratic majority identification to a development of parity between the Democratic and then in the latter half of the 20thcentury the shift to Republican

The Jacksonian Democratic Party and the Whig Party where the two main groups of government in the early 1800's. The Whigs believed that President Jackson was too much like a king. In fact, they called him King Andrew the first. They also believed that the government should be actively involved in the economy of the government. The Democrats, on the other hand believed that a strong state government was best for the country. In their viewpoint, an agricultural society was far better than an industrial one.

After fighting the Indians and secessionists, he suddenly faced his most daunting enemy: the Bank of the United States. The bank war was the central political controversy of his administration. The bank war began in the summer of 1832 when Congress, led by Henry Clay, renewed the bank’s charter. Clay pushed the bill through for political reasons and presented it to Jackson. President Jackson stated, “The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it” (Jackson). Jackson vetoed the bank bill and returned it to the Senate. He thought he was right and the bank was wrong. Jackson closed the bank when it still had four years left on its existing charter. In the summer of 1833 while Congress was in recess, Jackson ordered his treasury secretary to redirect federal deposits from the Bank of the United States to various state banks. What Jackson wanted to do was not legal at all because he had to fire a couple of secretaries of the treasury until one secretary did what he wanted done. When Congress returned and found out what Jackson had done they censured him because of his actions. By 1836, the Bank of the United States was dead. One more time, Jackson is perceived as a king because of the way he did certain things. The way he closed the bank, when the bank still had four years left to be open, proves the type of supreme leader he thought he

The First Party System refers to a period between 1792 and the 1820’s when the American political system was divided into two parties. Both parties, the Federalist Party, and the Democratic-Republican Party, wanted control of the Congress, the presidency, and the states. The parties were the result of the differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson on how to solve various national problems such as the economic crisis that was threatening the nation at the time (Dickerson, 2004). However, the roots of these political parties and concerns emerged during the constitution ratification process. On one hand, the Federalists supported the constitution while, on the other hand, the Antifederalists (Democratic-Republican) did not support it due to key issues that had not been considered in the new constitution (rAndon HersHey & Beck, 2015).

Difficult instances attributable to the panic of 1819 led many humans to call for an cease to property restrictions on vote casting and officeholding. In ny, as an example, fewer than adult adult males in 5 may want to legally vote for senator or governor. Under the brand new charter adopted in 1821, all person white adult males were given to vote, as long as they paid taxes or had been serving t in the defense force. Five years later, an modification to the state’s constitution eliminated the taxpaying and defense force qualifications, thus organising universal white manhood suffrage. By 1840, established white manhood suffrage had in large part emerge as a truth.

Jackson also failed to realize that if there is money to be handled there must be a way to store it and keep track of the money. Jackson denied the rights of Congress given to Congress in Article 1, section 8, clauses 1-3 of the United States Constitution. This section gives Congress the right to “lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies.” (Library of Congress) The point of conflict is that even though the right of the federal government to create a national bank is not stated it is implied because without a bank there is nowhere to store money allotted through this clause. In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) it was determined that “Congress may incorporate banks and kindred institutions” (US Supreme Court Cases & Opinions.) which established a precedence that was overlooked by President Jackson.

Andrew Jackson, whose presidential term lasted from 1829-1837, was the first president to ever be chosen by the people to lead. Because he was not born into a rich family, people felt that they could relate to him better. He too preferred supporting the common public over the wealthy aristocrats. During Jackson’s period in office he was able to shift the majority of power in the United States to farmers and small businesses in the western part of the country. Jackson vetoed many bills in order to benefit common people and also created the spoils system to balance out his cabinet. Like Jefferson, Jackson was extremely opposed to the Bank of the U.S., believing that it would only make the wealthy even

The Whig’s power was based in the North and the Northwest, which was New England and Old Northwest. The Whig ideas were authoritative among areas, which were affected by factory work and commercial agriculture, therefore among southern planters and urban merchants. David Currie claims that