A Research Study On Breast Cancer

“Cancer” is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or “malignant tumor”. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer growth or malignant tumor, the tumor is called breast cancer. (American Cancer Society, 2014, as cited in cbcf.org)

We have all seen the pink ribbons. They have become a national, if not international symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of this paper, this paper will be limited to information relating breast cancer in females.

The Susan G. Komen Foundation of Greater Atlanta’s goal is to reduce mortality of African American breast cancer by 25% in the next 5 years (Susan G. Komen Atlanta, 2017). In order to reach this goal, Komen has created many local outreach programs to educate the community about breast health and breast cancer screening (Susan G. Komen Greater Atlanta, 2017). Educational programs like these can have significant impacts on breast cancer mortality rates (Asuquo and Olajide, 2015). However, they may need to focus on certain racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups (Herndon, et al., 2013). Worship in Pink is one of Komen’s educational outreach programs that provides breast health and screening information to participating religious organizations (Susan G. Komen, 2017).

Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when a buildup of mutations in critical genes—those that control cell growth and division or repair damaged DNA—allow cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer can be caused by inherited genetic factors. These genetic

Breast cancer (BRCA) is associated with the highest mortality rate of any type of cancer besides that of the lung (American Cancer Society, 2013). BRCA occurs most commonly in women over the age of 40, with an estimated global incidence of 1.6 million cases in 2010. An estimated 39,000 women died from BRCA alone in 2013 (American Cancer Society, 2013). BRCA is responsible for the largest portion of spending on cancer-related care in the United States; an estimated $16.5 billion of cancer-related spending went towards BRCA in 2010 (Mariotto, Robin Yabroff, Shao, Feuer, & Brown, 2011). Although the prevalence, mortality, and costs associated with BRCA are quite high, recent advances in screening and treatment have increased long term

One out of eight women around the world develops the most common disease called Breast Cancer. In the United States, about 200,000 women suffer from this disease and it causes more than 40,000 death each year. Breast cancer is a cancer cell (malignant tumor) that forms in the breast. The cancerous cells grow in the breast and then invade the healthy cells and the surrounding tissues of the breast and it can also spread into other parts of the body. Breast cancer is more common in women but men can also get it too. One of the reasons that males are less likely to develop breast cancer because males have less estrogen and progesterone hormones which is a higher risk of breast cancer cell to grow. There are many risks factors that can cause

Studies shows men are diagnosed with breast cancer contrary to the perception that this disease is solely diagnose in women. What is breast cancer in men? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread metastasize to distance of the body (Article 1).Women Manly have breast cancer but men can get it also. Some people doesn’t realize that men have breast tissues and that can develop breast cancer. The breast is made up mainly of lobules (glands) that can produce milk if the right hormones are present. Around the age 9 and 10 girls and boys have a small amount of tissue which is called a Ducts which is located under the nipples and areola (Area around the nipple). Puberty girl’s ovaries make females hormones causing breast ducts to grow.

Article I chose for week four assignment, is from The Journal of Public Health," Benign breast disease and subsequent beast cancer".

without living a healthy lifestyle. Making sure to take care of ones body is an important factor in the prevention of breast cancer.

Unfortunately, as most of us know cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in our society. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States, next to lung cancer and also the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Over one million people are diagnosed with cancer every year in the U.S. alone. As many people are aware of today, due to uncontrolled growth of cells within in the body, cancer is developed through this. During class Dr. Weilert asked us whether we knew anyone that had cancer, suffered with some form of cancer or are now in remission. I was shocked to see that about 80% of the class did know someone. Since there has been an ongoing investigation and ongoing research for the cure of cancer, it is now known that there are over one hundred different types of cancer. In this paper I will discuss; the natural history, pathophysiology, the signs & symptoms, the diagnoses and finally share some statistics surrounding breast cancer within the United States.

Lydia is a 45-year-old Caucasian premenopausal female who is visiting her PCP for her annual physical examination. Part of her physical examination includes a 'ladies exam' including PAP smear and breast examination. On breast exam you note a small, painless lump in the right upper outer quadrant. There is no nipple discharge but dimpling was noted around the area of the lump when sitting upright. Lydia does practice breast self examination but not regularly. She has never had a mammogram. She is used to having lumps in her breast that seem to come and go with her menses and was told, in the past, she has fibrocystic breast disease. This particular lump did not resolve after her period, but she did not think anything of it since it was not painful.

The twentieth century has often been called and known as the cancer century. The reason being is that throughout the century, there have been more than a hundred types of cancer discovered across the world. In addition to the discovery of these many cancers, there has been an enormous medical effort to fight all kinds of cancer across the world. In the early decades of the century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease, resulting in a high number of deaths. Although many cancers remain fatal today, medical treatments has been developed significantly that most cancers can be treated and or cured. After many years of struggling with various types of cancers, doctors are now becoming more aware of the causes of different cancers, how they can be treated, and what can be done to help prevent them. One type of cancer that strikes a large number of women is breast cancer. Breast cancer remains one of the major concerns in the medical field due to the many forms and number of people it affects.

In this paper I will be addressing breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that affects the cells of the breast. This happens when cells in the breast grow abnormally. It can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. This cancer can affect bones, liver, and even your brain. All women and men are at risk for breast cancer. It can affect people of every age, race, and ethnic group. Between the ages of 40 and 50, African American women have a higher chance of receiving breast cancer. The ultimate impact of breast cancer is death. Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in women.

Before going in depth, let us first define what breast cancer is. According to the National Breast Cancer.Org “Cancer is a broad term for a class of diseases characterized by abnormal cells that grow and invade healthy cells in the body. Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast as a group of cancer cells that can then invade surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body.” Cancer begins in the cells which are the basic building blocks that make up tissue. Tissue is found in the breast and other parts of the body. Sometimes, the process of cell growth goes wrong and new cells form when the body doesn’t need them and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. When this occurs, a build up of cells often forms a mass of tissue called a lump, growth or tumor.

Wilbert zwart, Huub Terra et al (2015) conducted study on cognitive effects of endocrine therapy for breast cancer. The number of breast cancer survivors is gradually increasing and subset of these patients experience long term adverse effects of adjuvant systemic therapy, including cognitive decline surprisingly, relatively little is known about the long term adverse effective of endocrine treatment on cognition. A 75% of all patients with breast cancer are eligible to receive hormonal treatment, understanding the potential Neuro cognitive effect of such therapy is of utmost importance. The decline of cognitive functions can have a detrimental impact on quality of life and might interfere with independent living. This Review discusses the