1.1 SCOPE
The shear box test is an “angle of friction” test, in which one portion of soil is made up slide along another by the action of a steadily increasing horizontal shearing force, while a constant load is applied normal to the plane of movement.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Shear box is an instrument used in the geotechnical lab which measures the shear strength of a soil in a direct way and offers simple way to visualize what is happening to the soil. This is achieved by measuring the sliding resistance between the soil particles and thus the coefficient of direct sliding, C. The direct shear test is used to determine the shear strength of soils on a predetermined failure surface. This test is used to measure the shearing resistance, un-drained shear strength, and dilative and contractive tendencies in soils.
The stresses set up in the soil cause deformation of the soil, which occur in three ways: By elastic deformation of the soil particle By change in volume of the soil resulting from expulsion of fluid By slippage of the soil particles, which lead on sliding
3.1 EQUIPMENT
Figure 1 Shear box machine with electric motor and multi-speed driver unit, and load ring for measuring horizontal shear force. Shear box body into halves, Shear box carriage, watertight, running on roller bearing Loading pad, porous plates, perforated grid plate and retaining plate. Loading yoke, weight hanger and lever-arm, for applying the pressure to the specimen. Stop
The specimen ends were not thick or had moving wedge grips to keep it secure in the holders of the servo-hydraulic load frame. The movement of the specimen in the machine causes some of the data to be an inaccuracy. Also, the transverse strain causes issues with the strain gages that are called transverse sensitivity. The transverse sensitivity affects the accuracy of the data that is being collected for the transverse strain more than the longitudinal strain. This is greatly seen in the percent difference in the strain values such as in one case the Longitudinal strain was .4% while the transverse strain was 30%. Another issue with the strain gages was that if the strain gages weren’t properly placed on the specimen the data accuracy would
“Drainage patterns, the hilliness of the ground, the range of soils, the nature of the bedrock,
Soil turnover - as soil is moved around by digging animals, organic matter is mixed through which distributes nutrients throughout the soil
Introduction During this lab you will become more familiar with the concepts of torque. The purpose of this lab is to determine if the rotational equilibrium condition, Στ = 0, holds experimentally. Equipment Meter stick (1) - no metal ends Fulcrum (1) Clamps (4) Weight Hanger (1) Mass Set (1) Digital Scale (1)
The soil has a thick litter layer, but thin humus layers due to fast decomposition. There is also a rapid leaking, which is the downward movement of the nutrients in solution in the soil. Soil is determined by the climate, vegetation, topographic position and soil age.
Erosion shapes the land by water, wind, or ice (usually glaciers) wearing down and removing weathered soil and rock from one location, by carrying and depositing it at another location. Rain carries away spots of soil and slowly washes away fragments of
On the one hand, there is the effect of water content in the soil: due to its ability to store
A Bucket full of fine grain sand that was pre-supplied, a bucket of freshly dug Compost soil from a compost pile, and orange clay that was dug from a foot under the earth’s surface will be supplied. Corn seeds and clear cups will also be supplied for the experiment that will be conducted. Clear cups and corn seeds will be supplied.
Soils serve as a foundation for human architecture and engineering (such as buildings, dams and roadbeds).
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the kinetic and static friction coefficient of a friction forces acting on a wooden block by increasing the mass in each experiment. Each experiment was attempted to find the relationship between the friction force and the normal forces on the wooden block as it being slid horizontally maintaining a uniform motion by a spring scale. Every experiment was documented and finally, with the help of computer-generated graph it was understood that the Friction force and the Normal force were relative to each other. The friction coefficient was calculated to be s=0.389 and the kinetic friction coefficient was k=0.323.
I utilized the coefficient of friction values based on skid testing conducted by the Institute of Police Technology and Management, (IPTM). IPTM testing, indicates a coefficient of friction of .90 - 1.50 for a vehicle furrowing.
Plants have microbes that have nutrients in them that help the plant grow .The nutrients in the microbes allow the plants to grow better . In soil it can have various sizes and shapes . The size and shape of the soil is how much rock and minerals is in it . Soils that have a lot of clay content is better for agriculture . Undisturbed soils tend to form layers .These layers is called horizons . This is roughly parallel to the surface .
1. A representative sample was chosen by quartering (according to BS 812: Part 102: 1984) or by use of a sample splitter (Fig. 2C1-3). The sample to be tested should be the approximate weight desired when dry. For this experiment, about 3 kilograms of coarse aggregate was weighed.
uncover such origins to find how and where such deposits may have formed over tens of
The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the bending of a bean when loaded at the center of its length and examine its deflection when positioned in two different ways, when the flat side of the beam is support and when the thin side is supported. In addition, try to find linear relationship between the load applied and the deflection of the beam and comparing the experimental deflection with the theoretical deflection.