A Shortdrome : An Analysis Of Alagille Syndrome

A kidney cancer diagnosis typically begins with a complete medical history and a physical exam. Your doctor may also recommend blood and urine tests. If your doctor suspects a problem or if you're at high risk of kidney cancer, you may also have one or more of the following tests to check your kidneys for growths or tumors:

1) Apply the stain to your first unknown slide and examine it under the microscope.

When lysing the cells, add 20 - 50 μl chilled lysis buffer (RIPA buffer with protease inhibitors and PhosSTOP), and keep the samples on ice for 30 min. Centrifuge the samples at 20,000 × g for 20 min at 4℃. Transfer the supernatant to new tubes,

Gel electrophoresis method. Qualitative analysis shows protein concentrations in kidney, heart, and liver. 1-6 are kidney tissue. 7-14 are liver and 15-19 are the heart tissue.

A sample was taken, examination under the microscope did reveal some clue cells. An Affirm prep is pending.

Brennan K, Tateson R, Lewis K, Arias AM. A Functional Analysis of Notch Mutations in Drosophila. Genetics. 1997;147(1):177-188.

Once the biopsy is obtained rom the surgeon, aseptic technique should be used in order to minimize any contamination of the specimen. Since the tissue being extracted form the body, time will be of an essence due to the live tissue dying as time goes on. The tumor cells will be looked at under a microscope in order to determine weather a patient has

b)What stain might you use to determine whether certain cells had been structurally altered rather than destroyed (e.g. changes in dendritic number, length, etc.)?

For this lab I had to prick my finger, then with the bleach solution I had to dab it and then carefully drop the blood on the slide. Once I was finished I had to take the second slide and smear the blood. I had to let the slide dry. Then I had to prick my finger again and make 3 more slides. Then I had to mix the chemical with a toothpick and then look under with the microscope.

GnT-III suppression alters Notch receptor localization- Autophagy has been shown to regulate the Notch pathway in normal physiology and disease (16). Therefore we performed immunocytochemistry to determine the localization of Notch 1 in OVCAR3 cells. Notch 1 is observed in intracellular vesicles and the nucleus in control shRNA OVCAR3 cells and does not colocalize with LAMP1 (Fig. 5A). However, in GnT-III shRNA OVCAR3 cells Notch 1 is primarily localized with the late endosome/lysosome marker LAMP1 indicating that a larger percentage of Notch 1 is in this fraction (Fig. 5A, white arrows). To further confirm these findings we treated cells with chloroquine to raise the pH of this cellular compartment and inhibit lysosomal enzymes (17). We found no effect on Notch 1 levels in control cells treated with chloroquine; while GnT-III shRNA cells show a significant increase in Notch 1 levels when lysosomal enzymes are inhibited (Fig. 5B).

When it comes to Jeune syndrome the primary problem rose from the disruption of proteins found in the cilia. The cilia is known as the hair like structures that protrude from the cell membrane and is responsible for moving the cell they are attached to or moving the liquid that is adjacent to the cell (Miller et al 2013). Very few people view the cilia as a signaling hub which contains the noncanonical Wingless (WNT), Hedgehog, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling systems, and their disruption leads to striking developmental defects (Wang et al

1964). There was a statistically significant effect of time spent in the blocking solution and the fixative and staining quality. In future experiments, the time samples are placed in blocking solution and fixative should be monitored more closely and left for a sufficient amount of time to get better and more accurate results, concerning staining quality. On the contrary, there was a positive correlation between the amount of time the samples were left in the antibody solutions and staining results. The longer the samples were left in the antibody solution, the better the staining results were as attested by the statistical

I examined all three slides under the microscope. After observing the slides I flushed the specimens down the drain and disinfected the area with bleach solution. After 42-72 hours I assessed the growth patterns of the tube and noted that the tube that contained the swab became yellow stained and the tube that contained the agar and tablet dissolved a little and some of the content drifted to the surface of the tube and created a film.

Cytogenic analysis – Microscopic examination of lymphocytes to look for structural changes or changes in number of chromosomes.

The materials used for the first part of the experiment comprised of the following: a microscope, 4 slides, 4 slide covers, blood samples, lancet, a sheet of paper towel, 3 test tube droppers, Solutions A, Solutions B, and Solution C.