AS 5100 Bridge Design Standards: The Building Code Of Australia

The purpose of the project is to investigate the Construction Engineering infrastructure and process involved with the designing and building of the Goodwill Bridge.

An environmental impact assessment for the Queensferry Crossing Bridge has been a topic of discussion for a while because of the concern about the future of the Forth Road Bridge. The new cable-stayed Queensferry Crossing bridge doesn’t aim to replace The Forth Road bridge but co-exist parallel to it.

Calculations were performed to determine the effectiveness of the design of the platform. Allowing for a safety factor of 1.5 times the design weight of 10kg and considering the bridge must not be overdesigned; plans were made for the bridge to fail at 25kg, 2.5 times that of the design weight. According to the calculations, the bridge would hold a load of over 15kg and experience failure at 20kg in the members. These calculations were later disproven in the testing, breaking 8kg earlier than expected, due to unforseen errors. An analysis of the bridge design and calculations has been included at the end of this report.

America has 5,540 deficient bridges alone, according to the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Infrastructure Report Card. Every four years, ASCE provides America with an assessment including recommendations, condition, and needs for the nation’s infrastructure. In a basic A-F format, the Report Card is graded in eight main categories: capacity, condition, funding, future need, operation and maintenance, public safety, resilience, and innovation. This report card, since 1998, has given the nation a steady D, only rising to a D+ in the 2013 report. The Report states that there is a need of 3.6 trillion dollars in investments by 2020 to raise the grade up to a B. Funding America’s infrastructure is of major controversy and debate. Starting

There are many differences between our bridge and other bridges. One being location. Another one being that thing that was sacrificed for it. Another one being cost. Also another difference would be weight and capacity, and the size or length.

Bridges are structures that become very susceptible as time passes. In Oregon there have been many bridges being identified to be seismic vulnerable. In an article by Ed Jahn, he sates, “nearly sixty percent of state-identified lifeline bridges likely to collapse or be potentially taken out of use after a quake” (Jahn). Bridges are a whole different story because they aren’t easy to be re-evaluated when they are used constantly by people to get around. The problem with many of these structures, though is that more than half of these bridges were built before 1970 (Jahn). Because of this they aren’t reinforced with new building codes making them highly vulnerable to any disaster to the point of collapsing. It isn’t an easy thing to fix the problems with a bridge because many seem stable but are still at great risk. It is known that “Today, they're still building fracture critical bridges with the belief that they're not going to break,” (Rosenker). Even when a bridge is being identified to see if it’s stable a lot of the time they are thought to be ok, but are really in a bad condition. Because they aren’t fully evaluated, and if a disaster were to hit in a certain location it could cause the bridge to

The Building Code of Australia (BCA) refers to stairways in D3.3(c) and requires compliance with AS1428.1 for stairways that are required to have access features. The Commission’s view is that all stairways, other than those specifically exempted under the BCA, should have these features for access and safety reasons.

Hecox (2011) says that the arch structure of the Tillman Bridge makes the canyon walls hold the weight of both vehicles and the bridge itself. In addition, the arch structure allows a better vision of the canyon for the drivers, which was a request of the population to the engineers of the project. In the other hand, according to Jones (2015), the truss structure of the new St. Anthony Bridge also was requested by the population because they wanted to keep a truss bridge in that place. The author also affirms that the St. Anthony Bridge is a truss, but the project team proposed adding a posttensioned concrete bottom chord to the steel truss in order to reinforce it. The project team made this choice because one bridge in Minnesota has collapsed in 2007, and the engineers wanted to lessen the fracture-critical issues to avoid a new catastrophe. In addition, this posttensioning approach wiil make the structure redundant for both resiliency and long-term durability. In conclusion, both bridge's structures were right chosen in order to provide safety and beauty in both

Isambard Kingdom Brunel was unequivocally one of the greatest engineers to have ever lived in this country, or any other. He was recently voted as the second greatest Briton of all time, second only to Winston Churchill, which is testament to the physical legacy he left behind. Additionally, he was represented in the 2012 London Olympic opening ceremony which outlined the industrial revolution and the forging of modern Britain. His influence in almost all branches of engineering is vast, from shipping to the railway. This project highlights Brunel’s civil engineering work by examining some of the bridges that he built.

Recognizing the aging national infrastructure, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act in 1991 mandated bridge management systems (BMS) as a part of all state department of transportations

The Principle upon which all trusses rely is that the triangle is the strongest and most rigid geometric Figure. By arranging the framework of triangles in patterns that varied from designer to designer, the structure acquired different appearances and served different purposes depending on the needs of bridge builders. The pony truss, the smallest type and ordinarily confined to lengths under 140 feet, with most under 100 feet, is distinguished by its low profile and absence of bracing above the roadway. The through truss by comparison is greater in length and height and consists of a tunnel-like structure that carries traffic through a system of overhead bracing which ties together the upper chords of the bridge.

Construction of steel bridges in the 19th - 20th century mostly depended on the use of rivets for connection. Bridges got built at a much greater rate than any other steel or iron construction using rivets. Riveting was a better-proven and understood method of construction. They made a very strong connection when applied but were very prone to corrosion through rusting. Existing historic steel bridges are aging and experiencing increased levels of deterioration due to increased demand in vehicle weight and traffic volume. These bridges are increasing becoming weaker as the rivets used in their contact wear out leading to instability and unreliable due to the poor construction. Assessment of old bridges for maintenance purposes occurs regularly. These bridges have to undergo regular maintenance and reinforcements. This aids in strengthening them and ensuring that they offer adequate and reliable service to the general public.

Bridges come in a wide range of shapes, sizes, lengths, and heights, however all of these factors depend on the setting and the location of the bridge. After doing extensive research on a variety of websites I’ve found out that there are about 4 main different types of bridges, each is composed of a different type of system, a beam system, a truss system, an arch system, or a suspension system. Beams tend to be horizontal and quite long, because of this they usually require beams underneath to provide support. Trusses are frameworks made up of many triangles that provide support for a given structure like roofs or in this case, bridges; truss bridges are very rigid and are able to go higher than most bridges. When arches are used in bridges they create great strength, they tend to be harder to construct and are composed of many parts and some even have cables to hold the arches up. The final type of bridge is the bridge composed of cables and is called a suspension bridge because this bridge is held up by many cables and is suspended above an area, and it also has a truss system underneath to provide better stability, this is one of the most common bridges. I also did some research on some reasons why bridges collapse, and I found out that a very common problem that has caused many bridges to fail and

The objective of the project is to design a bridge made from commercial pasta that is able to withhold a weight of 1134 grams (2.5 pounds) over a period of five minutes. Upon evaluation, the efficiency will be taken into consideration for the overall result. This makes choosing a design and craftsmanship crucial to the overall performance. The given constraints really makes it challenging however they have to be followed and considered before beginning the preliminary stages of designing. Our goal as a team from the start was to build a bridge that not only held the weight for the required time, but also be the lightest structure in the class. Our final design took a lot of work to reach. After four prototypes and combining aspects from all of them, we finally came up with a design that we felt would help us achieve our goal. Our final design most closely resembles a Camelback Pratt Truss. We came across this design in a picture of the Woolsey Bridge located in the outskirts of Woolsey, Arkansas. After studying the real life construction of this particular bridge, we found that if we manipulate it as close as possible with pasta, we ended up getting better results. The following report will go through the engineering design process we used throughout this project.

Because of advancements in today’s technology in construction field, many types of bridges are being constructed depending on the requirement and their suitability for the situations.