Acute Coronary Syndrome

Chest pain is a very common symptom, and around 20% to 40% of the general population will experience chest pain in their lives(149). In the UK, up to 2 % of visits to a general practitioner are due to new onset chest pain (150). Approximately 5% of visits to the emergency department are due to a complaint of chest pain, and up to 40% of emergency hospital admissions are the result of chest pain(149, 151). Approximately 52,000 new cases of angina per year are diagnosed in men and 43,000 in women. The incidence of angina increases with age(123).

R: yes, patient is not going to be moving and is NPO with fluid restrictions.

Patient is a 45 yo male; 5’7”, 221 lbs who entered the emergency room at 6:30 am on 9/7/14 with severe chest pain (onset at 6:00 am) radiating to his arm, L arm numbness and nausea and vomiting. Past medical history reported by wife includes peptic ulcer, tobacco use (1-2ppd for 27 years), elevated blood pressure (controlled by lopressor). Wife did not know of any family history but reports patient’s father is deceased, died at 42 in his sleep. Mother alive and with high blood pressure.

ACS also referred to as Acute Coronary syndrome is the blockage of blood flow to the heart. Some symptoms that occur when ACS takes place is chest pains (angina pectoris), having pains in the upper and lower extremities, shortness of breath, nausea and sweating. There are risk factors that can increase your risk for ACS such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Some ways in order to test for ACS is a blood test and electrocardiogram. It can show whether or not heart cells are dying. After being diagnosed with ACS, treatment is available. Some treatment options include medications, angioplasty and stents.

Nausea and chest pain are some symptoms of the coronary artery disease. The coronary artery collects over time plague that causes narrowing of the artery. Due of the narrowing their arteries it causes the blood flow to the heart to be limited or complete

treatment for ACS is the patient’s decision to delay seeking care,” (De Vonn et al., 2011).

Myocardial infarction is known as a heart attack which is referring to the chronic coronary syndrome disease. According to the book of “Cardiopulmonary system, vital sign, electrocardiography, and CPR-Module D, the author Saunders define myocardial infarction as “ Cardiac tissue death that occurs when the coronary arteries are occluded (blocked) by an atheroma, a mass of fat or lipid on the wall of an artery, or a blood clot caused by an atheroma, and the heart muscle”. (Elsevier, 2010) My definition of myocardial infarction is myocardial means muscle of the heart and infarction means lack of oxygen. Therefore, this essay will discussed and elaborate on what is happening to the body when having heart attack, cause, effect, treatment and

During a heart attack your coronary arteries become blocked which stops the flow of blood to the hearts muscles and damages it. Your heart becomes starved of oxygen and your nervous system sends signals to the brain about what’s happening. You will start sweating and your heart rate will speed up. You will start feeling weak and nauseous. You can also start feeling an immense chest pain; it can slowly crawl to your neck, jaw, ears, arms, shoulder blades, back and even your abdomen. Your heart can start beating slowly or just

Symptoms are apparent when there is 50-70% of coronary artery blockage, which decrease the oxygenated blood supply to heart. When patients complaint of chest pain, others symptoms may be also present, this include shortness of breath, pain that radiates to left arm and in some cases to the jaw, like seen in elder women. Furthermore, patients may experience nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis(Goolsby, Grubbs, & Goolsby,

Low estrogen levels are the main cause of chest pain, and the females with this level of estrogen level mainly face this problem of chest pain. At times of the month, whenthe estrogen level is low in blood streams in a female body. This can be verified via blood test.The normal duration of angina attacks in pre periods typically ranges between five to ten minutes or can lie be anywhere from 30seconds to 30 minutes.

For this patient, the ambiguous symptoms of abdominal pain, headache and fever reflected the signs of acute pericardium. But the patient’s family physician failed to recognize the them, which led to cause cardiac tamponade. Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency, in some cases, immediate intervention is essential to prevent mortality.

“The stage of clinical disease begins when signs and symptoms are manifest” (Merrill, 2013, p. 51). Symptoms may occur differently between men and women. For example, angina and heart attack symptoms have similar warning signs however “Women are somewhat more likely than men to have other symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain. Some women describe their symptoms as mild. Others feel tired when they have angina” (Cardiosmart.org, 2012). Women that experience heart attacks are “somewhat more likely than men to have other symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain” (Cardiosmart.org, 2012). Responding appropriately to the clinical onset of coronary disease will determine if the patient can recover or suffer disability or death.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) follow-up care is a crucial part of the AMI recovery process.[1] The American College of Cardiology's "See You

In most countries, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the treatment of acute and/or chronic coronary syndrome, additional therapies are still needed to reduce the high rates of recurrent CV events. Since 19th centaury it was suspected that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves process of inflammation, which has become recognized as a contributory factor in the development of ASCVD and other diverse chronic diseases. Based on the results from more than 60 prospective cohort studies, a variety of inflammatory biomarkers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),

Coronary artery diseases (CAD) as a kind of cardiovascular diseases are considered to be the major causes of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients (Buse JB et al, 2007) (Stolar MW & Chilton RJ, 2003).