Acute Respiratory Stress Syndrome Research Paper

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

1. A physician is called to the intensive care unit to provide care for a patient who received second- and third-degree burns over 50 percent of his body due to a chemical fire. The patient is in respiratory distress and is suffering from severe dehydration. The physician provides support for two hours. Later that day the physician returns and provides an additional hour of critical care support to the patient.

changes in the lungs. The walls of the airways thicken and more mucus is produced. Damage to

These illnesses are most often caused by smoking, but can also be brought on by other irritants such as heavy dust, air pollution, or chemical fumes. Symptoms are very painful, and can become increasingly debilitating over time. Treatments range from lifestyle changes and home self-care to surgery such as a lung transplant.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, also known as ARDS, is the abrupt collapse of the respiratory system. It can advance in anyone 1 year and older who is critically ill. An individual with ARDS has accelerated breathing, difficulty getting adequate air into the lungs and decreased blood oxygen levels. ARDS normally develops in people who have major injuries or already ill with another disease. ARDS is usually a hospital acquired disease. ARDS is normally grouped with an almost indistinguishable condition called acute lung injury, but people with ARDS have much decreased oxygen in their blood, the condition is more dangerous. ALI can progress into ARDS if the oxygen levels continue to decrease.

Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a highly contagious virus that is contracted when the victim touches a surface or sneezes. It is believed that SARS primarily attacks the lungs but it is not fully understood if it is the only organ affected. Some liver abnormalities have occurred but it is not fully known if the disease attacks the liver as well. The virus is believed to have originated from China, but it was diagnosed in a Vietnamese hospital by Dr. Carlo Urbani. Both the doctor and the patient died from SARS complications.

• Lung conditions that affect the flow of air and blood into and out of the lungs, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory

Pulmonary Edema is a condition caused by excess of fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. Pulmonary edema is caused by heart problems. The fluid can accumulate for other reasons, including pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and medications, trauma to the chest wall, and exercising or living at high elevations. Treatment for Pulmonary Edema varies depending on the cause but generally includes supplemental oxygen and medications. Depending on the cause, Pulmonary Edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Pulmonary Edema can be fatal if not treated.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome otherwise known as ARDS, is very serious inflammatory lung injury that can cause very dangerous low oxygen levels throughout the blood. This condition is known as hypoxemia. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can lead to numerous and very serious problems.[2] Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening injury and will require immediate attention to prevent further damage. There are many causes of ARDS but not all have been identified yet. The most common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome is sepsis, Sepsis is where an infection and entered the blood stream and has had a rapid spread. For the most part sepsis occurs in the hospital but can be seen in the prehospital setting very frequently.[4,5] Alcohol and drug abuse seem to have and increased risk of ARDS in septic patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome can also be caused when aspiration of the stomach contents into the lungs happens in hospitalized patients who have had an endotracheal tube placed into their lungs to help manage their airway.[1] This is also known as intubation. When a patient suffers massive blood loss and a blood transfusion is needed, acute pancreatitis can happen which can cause an increase in the risk of a patient developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the prehospital setting outside of the hospital pneumonia has become the most common

The purpose of this assessment is to critique a related pair of published papers surrounding the ventilation strategies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an extremely rare, deleterious disease caused by a type of viral pathogen called a coronavirus. The disease first appeared among residents of southern China, near Hong Kong, in 2002. Over the course of eight months, the disease spread to up to 8,000 individuals, 10% of which died. As a contagious viral pandemic, SARS diffused to nearly 30 countries by 2003, including Germany, Canada, and the United States. However, by 2004, all cases of SARS disappeared and have not reappeared anywhere since then. After considerable research, scientists discovered that the infection was caused by a single-stranded RNA coronavirus. The virus was so named due to the several corona-like “spikes” that were known to protrude from the molecule. Because SARS suddenly attracted widespread attention when it was first identified in China in 2002, the virus was classified as an emerging infectious disease.

SARS, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome was first found in Foshan, Guangdong in November of 2002. SARS is a very new and rare disease. SARS was officially recognized as a threat by the World Health Organization in March of 2003. This outbreak was the only one ever recorded of its type, up until the recent Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Scientists recognized SARS as a variation of the coronavirus. In humans, the typical coronavirus is one of the many that cause the common cold. In livestock, the virus is found to create serious and fatal diseases. Scientists believe that this variation of the coronavirus originated from civets and the Horseshoe bat. Corona viruses are known for their ability to mutate in order to spread among humans.

“ According to (P.Charalampos K.Menelaos J Clin Med Res 2011) – Increased capillary is the hallmark of ARDS. Damage of the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium in correlation to impaired fluid remove from the alveolar space result in accumulation of protein-rich fluid inside the alveoli, thereby producing diffuse alveolar damage, with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)”. So as we can see those fluids that accumulates in the alveoli will tend to leak into the lungs where its difficult for breathing and leads to decreased in oxygen level in the blood or a condition which is known as hypoxemia. This fluid makes the lungs capacity and also its shape or becomes rigid where it will be difficult to inflate.

The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (wind pipe), bronchial tubes, the bronchioles, and the lungs. Lower respiratory tract infections are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. The two most common LRIs are bronchitis and pneumonia. Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but more dangerous strains such as the highly pernicious H5N1 tend to bind to receptors deep in the lungs.The upper respiratory tract is generally considered to be the airway above the glottis or vocal cords. This includes the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Typical infections of the upper respiratory tract include tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis,

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common lung disorder that mostly affects preterm infants. RDS is caused by insufficient surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs leading to alveolar collapse. Clinically, RDS presents soon after birth with tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, hypercapnia, and/or an oxygen need. The usual course is clinical worsening followed by recovery in 3 to 5 days as adequate surfactant production occurs. Research in the prevention and treatment of this disease has led to major improvements in the care of preterm infants with RDS and increased survival. However, RDS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the most preterm infants. This chapter reviews the most current evidence-based management of RDS, including prevention, delivery room stabilization, respiratory management, and supportive care.