Adenoma Research Paper

If you've had a mammogram before, the radiologist will compare your old mammogram to the new one to look for changes. While they're looking for possible cancer, your doctors may also come across other structures in the breast that deserve further investigation. Calcifications which are tiny flecks of calcium which look like grains of salt located in the soft tissue of the breast that can sometimes indicate the presence of an early breast cancer. Calcifications usually can't be felt, but they appear on a mammogram. Cystsis another mass found in the breast but unlike cancerous tumors which are solid, cysts are fluid-filled masses in the breast. Cysts are very common, and are rarely associated with cancer. Also fibroadenomas can be found these are movable, solid, rounded lumps made up of normal breast cells. While not cancerous, these lumps may grow. And any solid lump that's getting bigger is usually removed to make sure that it's not a cancer. Fibroads are commonly found in young people. {text:bookmark-start} (Breast Cancer, 2007) {text:bookmark-end} There is some much emphasis on breast cancer in woman. Men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. It is not as common in men as women but it is possible. Male breast cancer is a rare condition, accounting for only about 1% of all breast cancers. The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 1690 new cases of male breast cancer will be diagnosed

Graves ' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. The gland is located at the front of the neck above where the collarbones meet. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is important for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels. When the body makes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is most common in women over age 20. But the disorder can occur at any age and can affect men as well. Some of the symptoms of Graves diseases are

“Cancer” is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or “malignant tumor”. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer growth or malignant tumor, the tumor is called breast cancer. (American Cancer Society, 2014, as cited in cbcf.org)

It is called malignant because not only can it invade into adjacent organs but unfortunately a cancer can spread to other tissues and that can be life threatening. Cancer can actually occur anywhere in the body because there are cells everywhere in the body. In women, one of the most common cancers of course is breast cancer, in men prostate cancer and in men and women, lung cancer and colon cancer are common cancers. It is important to understand that the cancer that occurs in one individual is very different from the cancer that occurs in another. Everyone is different; a lung tumor in one person will be different from a lung tumor in another person. Once a diagnosis of cancer is made, the next obvious question is what do you do? There are several things that are really relevant, for example, the stage of the cancer which is information about where is the cancer? You say it’s a particular kind of cancer? How much cancer is present? Has is spread? Is it in lymph nodes? Has it spread to other organs of the body? Cancer affects everyone in one way or another. Whether it is a family member, loved one or ourselves, cancer has touched our lives.

Hypothyroidism often causes a person to sleep a lot, but the person is still tired. The parathyroids are located within the thyroid, secrete parathormone, and controls levels of calcium and phosphates in the body. The parathyroids are also involved with controlling excitability levels (Morris and Maisto, 2002).

ncidentaloma is a tumor that does not show any symptoms until it is discovered by some types of examinations that were not previously planed. Adrenal cortex, a part of the adrenal gland, is where most of the adrenal tumors develop. Adrenal cortex tumors can have either benign or cancerous properties.

One specific type of cancer is called Angiosarcomas, or cancer of the endothelial cells. This is a rare, and very serious form of cancer. This type of cancer occurs in the head and neck region, and it usually appears in the scalp of the elderly. Occasionally

Follicular tumors, on the other hand, grow only on one side of the gland. These tumors develop in the hormone-producing cells and account for 30% - 50% of all thyroid cancers (Thackery 1057). Medullary thyroid tumors account for 5% - 7% of all thyroid cancers, and are usually uncommon. Like papillary tumors, they grow on one or both sides of the gland. Anaplastic tumors, though extremely rare, develop on either side of the thyroid gland and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. It account for only 2% of all thyroid cancers but is the fastest growing, and most aggressive thyroid cancer type (Thackery 1057).

The generalized form is most common. Tumors may be found throughout the entire lymph node system including internal and multiple peripheral nodes. The most common locations include between the jaw,

e. People who have had a thyroid problem before, received radiation for a thyroid problem, or had surgery on the thyroid are most likely to develop hypothyroidism.

The main cause of hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease which affects quite a few people in the general population. This disease is characterized as an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body makes antibodies known as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin that bind and over activate the production of thyroid hormones [3]. So in essence the antibody mimics the thyroid stimulating hormone and when the negative feedback loop is in affect the antibody still binds to the thyroid and T3 and T4 are over produced [2].

The mulitinodular Goiter (Struma nodosa), where the thyroid gland has developed many lumps or nodules. Here the thyroid gland feels generally lumpy.

Toxic nodular goiters are nodules that secrete thyroid hormones independent of TSH stimulation. They are usually benign follicular adenomas. Nodules larger than about 3 cm can cause a thyrotoxic crisis, also known as thyroid storm. This is a life threatening emergency; death is rare if treatment is initiated early and vigorously.

A significant number of these tumors are asymptomatic (small lesions usually) and discovered incidentally during a surgery or after routine investigations. When symptoms appear they depends on the size of the tumor and the site of involvement. Most commonly pacients present with GI

Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.